论周代献诗制度“以美为谏”现象

On the Poetical System of “Criticism Hidden in the Beauty” in the Zhou Dynasty

西周中期以前,周礼走向成熟,特定的礼仪文化使时人对君王的谏、戒、刺被隐蔽在一片颂美之词中,即以颂美之词讽谏君王,把讽谏之意隐于颂美言辞中。这种献诗礼俗是由周代礼教制度所决定的,是周礼在文化上打下的烙印。"以美为谏"现象贯穿于《诗三百》,而犹以《雅》诗表现得最为突出。毛诗和三家诗在诗义阐释上"美"与"刺"的不同,实际是以不同视角对"以美为谏"献诗传统加以观照的结果,二者殊途同归、相得益彰。"风雅正变说"与"以美为谏"献诗传统有关。"以美为谏"献诗传统决定了《诗经》温柔敦厚的特质,对后世诗歌创作亦有深刻影响。

The Zhou rites began to be popular, so criticism to the king is hidden in the eulogy, which is decided by the Zhou system of rites and also cultural stigma of the Zhou rites. Criticism hidden in the beautty is throughout in The Book of Songs in which Ya poetry is the most prominent. The Mao school of explanation of The Book of Songs is different from the other schools, but they are the same in essence. The tradition of criticism hidden in the beauty determines the tender and gentle nature of The Book of Songs, which produces profound influences on the later writing of poetry.