樱桃果蝇发生与诱捕技术比较研究

Occurrence and Trapping Methods of Fruit Fly in Cherry Orchard

为明确樱桃园果蝇的发生危害情况，筛选出有效的诱捕措施，2010年6月在陕西西安灞桥区，2011年4月至6月在陕西宝鸡眉县采用剖果查幼虫和糖醋液诱捕成虫，调查樱桃园果蝇的种类、种群动态、蛀果率及樱桃不同品种上的成虫诱捕量；通过田间试验比较不同诱捕器、不同配比及不同悬挂高度的糖醋液对果蝇诱捕效果的影响。结果表明：危害樱桃的果蝇为黑腹果蝇（Drosophilamelanogaster Meigen）、铃木氏果蝇[Drosophilasuzukii（Matsumura）]和海德氏果蝇[Drosophilahydei（Sturtevant）]。灞桥区樱桃被害率为96％，受害果实单果有幼虫1～9头不等，平均为3．31头；优势种为铃木氏果蝇和黑腹果蝇。眉县4个主要品种樱桃成熟果实受害率均为0，樱桃品种先锋的果实对果蝇成虫有较强的吸引力。2011年果蝇成虫在4月中下旬达到最大值，优势种为黑腹果蝇。糖醋液与香蕉对樱桃果蝇的诱捕效果最好，且无显著性差异。糖醋液成分配比对果蝇的诱捕效果无显著性差异，以白糖与红糖为成分的糖醋液对果蝇诱捕效果也无显著性差异。田间诱捕器放置最佳高度为0．8～1．4m。危害樱桃的果蝇主要为黑腹果蝇和铃木氏果蝇；樱桃成熟前后应悬挂0．8～1．4m的糖醋液诱捕器诱捕成虫。

Experiments were conducted to verify the occurrence and damages of fruit flies and to find out some effective measures to trap them. The amount of fruit fly larvae in cherries and adults trapped was surveyed from 2010--2011 in Baqiao District of Xi＇an and Mei County of Baoji, China. Different trapping methods also were performed to test their efficiency. Results showed that fruit flies infecting cherry fruit in the middle area of Shaanxi province were mainly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, Drosophila suzukii （Matsumura） and Drosophila hydei （Sturtevant）. In Baqiao District, the percent age of infected cherry was up to 96%. The number of larvae on each infected fruits varied from 1 to 9 with an average of 3.31. And the dominant species was observed as Drosophila suzukii （Matsumura） and Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. The four cultivars of cherry trees in Mei County experienced infection percentages of zero. Fruits of Xianfeng showed more attraction to fly adults than other threecultivars. In the cherry orchard of Mei County, the population dynamic of fruit fly was investigated at the maturity stage, which showed that the population of Drosophila melanogaster as the dominant species reached a peak value in late April. Trappers with sweet lure at the height of 0. 8--1.4 m worked best, the ratio of sweet lure and the sweet lure with white sugar or brown sugar made no difference in its performance. Performance of sweet lure and trapper with banana were best, and there was no significant difference between them. Fruit flies producing damages to cherry fruit in the middle area of Shaanxi province were mainly Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila suzukii. Trappers with sweet lure at the height of 0.8--1.4 m should be used to control fruit flies around the maturity stage of cherry in orchard.