浅论朗吉努斯的崇高理论与古典主义

The Sublime Theory of Longinus and the Classicism

公元四世纪前期,西方经历了"同希腊化"阶段,罗马统治下的很多地区的文化教育以及语言都是希腊的,所以罗马顺理接受了希腊的文艺,因此古典主义在罗马时代就已经开始形成了。公元三世纪的修辞学家朗吉努斯经典的美学论著《论崇高》就是一部古典主义理论专著,他在书中引导当时的文学家向古人学习,强调学习古人伟大作品中的"崇高"风格,他围绕着五个方面阐述了"崇高"的因素,并且从文艺与现实的关系、文艺与自然的关系、古典主义创作方法技巧等方面阐述了古典主义的"崇高"品质。朗吉努斯使得"崇高"作为美学范畴,引发了后世哲学家的不断发展和探索,尤其对18世纪新古典主义以及新古典主义集大成者布瓦罗影响深远,为18世纪古典主义埋下了美学的种子。

In the early 4th century AD, the western world experienced the stage of ＂Grecian＂, with many areas ruled by Rome adopting the culture, education and language of Greece. Rome naturally accepted Greek literature and art. There- fore, the classicism has already formed since Roman times. In the 3rd century AD the rhetorician Longinus wrote a classi- Cal aesthetic treatise Peri Hupsous, which is a classical theory monograph. Longinus in his book directed the writers to learn from the ancients, emphasizing learning the sublime style of the ancients＂ great works. Analyzing five aspects of sub- lime, he interpreted the sublime quality of the classicism from the relationship between art and reality, that between art and nature, as well as the classical creating techniques. Longinus made ＂sublime＂ as an aesthetic category, which stimu- lated the later philosophers to develop and explore constantly, and which especially exerted great and profound influence upon neoclassicism of the 18th century and Nicolas BoileauDespreaux, who is the master of neoclassicism, so as to plant the seeds of aesthetics for neoclassicism of the 18th century.