微生物暴露与支气管哮喘的关系

Relationship between microbial exposure and bronchial asthma

支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）尤其是儿童哮喘的发病率在全球范围有明显升高。而在农场长大的儿童哮喘发病率较低。哮喘发病率的升高与卫生条件改善、家庭规模缩小和微生物暴露尤其是个体早期微生物暴露机会减少有关，其降低了机体接受“免疫训练”的机会，即“卫生学说”，近期有学者建议改为“早期免疫刺激假说”。该文主要介绍早期微生物及微生物组分暴露与哮喘的关系的作用机制进展，早期微生物暴露可能是潜在的预防哮喘的新途径。

The morbidity of bronchial asthma （asthma）, especially childhood asthma, has significantly increased all over the world. However, children who grew up on the farm seemed to be protected from asthma. The growing incidence of asthma was attributed to the improved sanitation, the shrinking family size and the reduced exposure to microbes especially during early childhood, which decreased the chance to accept ＂ Immune training＂, that＇ s ＂ Hygiene hypothesis＂, recently a scholar suggested ＂Early immune challenge hypothesis＂ instead. This review focuses on recent mechanism studies of the relationship between early microorganisms/microbial components exposure and asthma, early microbial exposure is a new potential avenue to prevent children from asthma.