首届免费师范生就业政策实施情况研究

A Study on the Implementation of the Employment Policy for the First Free-tuition Normal Students

免费师范生就业政策的实施情况是对该政策效果进行评价的基础,也是完善与继续推行这一政策的前提。通过对北京某师范大学首届免费师范毕业生就业状况的调查分析表明:免费师范生就业政策的"确保免费师范毕业生就业"及"优化师范院校生源、提高教师教育质量"等目标得到了有限实现。同时,就业政策实施中存在政策部分失真问题,体现在以下几个方面:就业政策目标多重,易导致"目的失真";仅靠就业政策,难以实现教育均衡发展、促进教育公平和提升教师职业的社会地位等目标;政策存在"免费"与"优秀"、"有志"与"优秀"两对错位的矛盾。此外,还可能产生免费师范生学习动机减退、阶层固化等非预期结果。进一步完善与继续推行免费师范生就业政策,政府应完善、落实相关政策,加强政策宣传;免费师范生培养院校应细化免费师范生准入、退出机制,加强培养及政策宣传;免费师范生应合理选择,坚定信念。

Implementation of the employment policy for the free-tuition normal students is the basis of evaluating the effect of the policy and also the premise to improving and continuing the policy. A survey of the first free-tuition graduates from a Normal University in Beijing shows that the objectives of ＂ensuring the employment of the first free-tuition gradu- ates＂ and ＂optimizing the source of students of Normal Universities to improve the quality of teacher education＂ are limit- edly realized. Meanwhile, in the implementation of the employment policy there exists the problem of partial distortion, which is reflected in the following aspects： multiple objectives may easily lead to ＂the distortion of purpose＂; the employ- ment policy only is hard to achieve the objectives of balanced development of education, promotion of equity in education and enhancement of the social status of teachers; and there exist in the policy two pairs of dislocated contradictions： ＂free of charge＂ and ＂excellence＂, and ＂ambition＂ and ＂excellence＂. In addition, such unexpected results may appear as the de- cline of free-tuition students＇ learning motivation and the solidification of classes. To further improve and continue the em- ployment policy for free-tuition normal students, the government should perfect and carry out the related policies and strengthen the policy propaganda. Besides, the normal universities should refine the mechanism of free-tuition normal stu- dents＇ access and exit, and enhance the training and the policy propaganda. And the free-tuition normal students should have a reasonable choice and strong ideas.