教育实践:自由与规范的归宿

Educational Practice: the Destination of Freedom and Norm

自由与规范是一对相互关联、不可分割的哲学范畴,二者相互依附又相互矛盾。自由体现的是人选择的自主性,规范则内含着这种选择的限度。同时,自由与规范二者共同指向的是人的发展。自由不同于教育的自由,规范不同于教育的规范。人是现实中的人,在教育的大背景下,无论是自由还是规范,都只能是一种手段而绝非目的。自由与规范的辩证关系在于自由是规范制约下的自由,规范是自由驱使下的规范,二者动态平衡于教育实践中,共同促进现实中的人向着"至善"的目标永恒趋近。

Freedom and norm are mutually involved and interdependent and they are a pair of philosophical category. Freedom reflects a choice of autonomy while norm defines the limits of the choice. Meanwhile, freedom and norm are both oriented towards man＇ s development. Freedom is different from the freedom of education, and norm is different from the norm of education. People are the real people, which means that freedom or norm can only be a means, but not a goal in the broader context of education. The dialectical relationship between freedom and norm is that freedom is constrained by norm and norm is driven by freedom, and their dynamic balance promotes the real people to move towards the eternal goal of perfection in the educational practice.