夏大豆田暗黑鳃金龟发生危害规律研究

Occurring Regularity of Holotrichia parallela in Summer Soybean Field

为明确暗黑鳃金龟在夏大豆田的发生规律，2009-2012年在河南黄泛区采用灯光诱集、田间系统调查结合室内饲养的方法对暗黑鳃金龟年生活史、田间种群消长动态及主要危害习性等进行了系统研究。结果表明：暗黑鳃金龟在河南黄泛区1年发生1代，以老龄幼虫在土中越冬；暗黑鳃金龟越冬幼虫4月中旬开始化蛹，5月中旬蛹开始羽化，6月中旬成虫开始产卵，6月末卵开始孵化，8月下旬为3龄幼虫发生盛期，9月底老熟幼虫开始下移进入越冬状态；成虫发生期一般在5月中旬至9月下旬，始盛期在6月末至7月初，高峰期在7月中旬，盛末期在7月末至8月初，盛发期持续时间长达30d以上；暗黑鳃金龟幼虫在夏大豆田危害主要在生长发育后期，明显不同于东北春大豆田蛴螬主要危害在苗期的情况。2009-2010年，暗黑鳃金龟成虫的年发生量显著上升，2009年诱集量为28384头，2010年为52484头，2010年以后，该害虫田间种群数量年度问呈显著下降趋势，2011年诱集量为16256头，2012年仅为4519头。可见目前该地区暗黑鳃金龟害虫种群已得到有效控制。

In order to definite occurrence of H. parallela in soybean field in the flooded plain of Yellow river,life cycle, popu- lation dynamic and habits of H. parallela were systematical researched using the methods of light traps, field investigation and laboratory rearing between 2009 and 2012. The results showed that H. parallela had one generation per year and with its mature larvae overwintered in the soil. The larvae began to pupate in mid-April, emergence in mid-May and oviposited in mid-June. In late June eggs began to hatch. The peak of 3 instar larvae abundance was in late August. At the end of September mature larvae began to turn into the winter condition. The adult appears from mid-May to late September with a more than 30 days peak dura- tion. The beginning peak period of adult was from late June to early July with the peak period in mid-July, and the ending peak period was from late July to early August. The damage of larvae mainly occurred in late soybean growth, and it was significantly different from the northeast region grubs in spring soybean seedling. The annual occurrence amount of H. parallela rose signifi- cantly during 2009 and 2010 ,the number of individuals were 28 384 and 52 484 in 2009 and 2010. The value descend after 2010, the number of individuals were 16 256 and 4 519 in 2009 and 2010. It indicated that the population was effectively con- trolled in the region.