论哲学和科学的关系何以可能——兼论科学问题哲学解的意义

Why Is the Relation between Philosophy and Science Possible? ——On the Significance of Philosophic Answer to Scientific Problems

哲学和科学的关系何以可能的问题及与此相关的二者的中介问题 ,长期以来被我国哲学界所忽视。事实上 ,马克思主义哲学尤其在其经典著作中是非常关注这些问题的。蕴涵在恩格斯《自然辩证法》中的科学问题的哲学解便是将哲学和科学沟通起来的中介。科学问题的哲学解是指科学主体在一定时代的科技知识背景条件下对某个科学问题不能从科学角度用科学方法作出准确的解答时 ,而从哲学的角度用哲学思维的方法解答的结果 ,其实质是哲学科学化和科学哲学化双向运动的结晶。这为哲学和科学的关系成为可能奠定了基础 ,一方面 ,科学问题的哲学解是哲学通向科学的中介 ,使哲学作为科学的理论指导成为可能 ;另一方面 ,科学问题的哲学解是科学通向哲学的桥梁 ,使科学作为哲学的基础成为可能。该研究对于在科学发展的基础上充实、丰富和发展马克思主义哲学 ,对于加强马克思主义哲学指导科学的发展 。

Why is the relation between philosophy and science possible? What is the intermediary between them? These two questions are chronically neglected by philosophical studies in China. In fact, these questions are given much stress in Marxist philosophy, especially in Marxist classics. The philosophical answer to scientific problems (PASP) entailed in Engels' The Dialectics of Nature is the intermediarybetween philosophy and science. PASP is an answer from the viewpoint of philosophy and with philosophical way to a scientific problem, which can't be properly resolved by the science subjects from the viewpoint of science due to their limited knowledge of science and technology at a certain period. The essence of PASP lies in the interaction between the scientization of philosophy and the philosophization of science. The possibility of relation between science and philosophy can be observed in the following two ways. For one thing, PASP is the intermediary through which philosophy can open into science, which makes it possible for philosophy to guide science theoretically. For another, PASP is the bridge by which science opens into philosophy, which makes it possible for science to serve as the basis for philosophy. The theoretical value and practical significance of this study lie in its function of enriching and developing Marxist philosophy in accordance with scientific advancement on the one hand, and strengthening the guiding force of Marxist philosophy in science development on the other, and making clear the relationship between philosophy and science etc.