保水剂和灌水对小粒咖啡苗木的节水调控效应

Effect of Super Absorbent Polymer and Irrigation on Improving Water Use Efficiency of Arabica Coffee Seedling

为探讨热带特色作物小粒咖啡的高效节水模式，研究3个保水剂水平（高保、低保和无保）和3个灌水水平（高水、中水和低水）对小粒咖啡苗木生理、生长、干物质及水分利用的影响。结果表明：与无保相比，低保分别提高叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和根系活力11．8％、13．4％和52．2％，而分别降低可溶性糖、丙二醛和脯氨酸24．9％、24．3％和55．8％，同时提高总干物质和水分利用效率31．0％和35．9％；而高保分别降低叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、丙二醛和根系活力3．1％、2．4％、13．5％和6．3％，提高叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸3．7％和75．1％，降低总干物质21．3％，提高水分利用效率8．6％。与低水相比，中水分别提高总干物质、耗水量和水分利用效率89．8％、44．5％和33．2％，高水分别提高总干物质、耗水量和水分利用效率172．8％、104．8％和34．0％。和无保低水相比，低保中水的水分利用效率增幅最大为112．7％，同时提高总干物质158．9％，分别提高叶片相对含水率、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和根系活力24．4％、19．5％、25．8％和149．9％，分别降低可溶性糖、丙二醛和脯氨酸38．3％、36．4％和68．7％。从高效节水的角度考虑，低保中水为最适宜的搭配方式。

The object was to explore the efficient water-saving method of arabica coffee seedling, experiment of three levels of super absorbent polymer （SAP） , i.e. high SAP （SH） , low SAP （SL） and no SAP （SN） , and three levels of irrigation, i.e. high water （ WH） , middle water （ WM ） and low water （ WL） , was designed, and the effect of SAP and irrigation on physiology, growth, dry mass accumulation and water consumption of arabica coffee seedling was studied. Results showed that, compared with SN , SL increases chlorophyll （Chl）, carotenoid and root activity by 11.8%, 13.4% and 52.2%, but reduces soluble sugar （SS） , malondialdehyde （MDA） and proline （Pro） by 24.9% , 24. 3% and 55.8%, and also increases total dry mass and water use efficiency （WUE） by 31.0% and 35.9% respectively; however, SH reduces Chl, carotenoid, MDA and root activity by 3. 1% , 2.4% , 13.5% and 6. 3% , and reduces total dry mass by 21.3% as well, but increases SS, MDA and WUE by 3.7% , 75.1% and 8.6%. Compared to WL, WM increases total dry mass, water consumption and WUE by 89.8%, 44.5% and 33.2%, while WH increases total dry mass, water consumption and WUE by 172.8%, 104. 8% and 34.0%. Compared to CK （SNWL）, SLWM has the largest increase of WUE by 112.7%, and increases total dry mass by 158.9%, as well as leaf relative water content, Chl, carotenoid and root activity by 24.4% , 19.5% , 25.8% and 149.9% , whereas reduces SS, MDA and Pro by 38.3% , 36.4% and 68.7%. Considering high efficiency water saving, SL WM is the optimum experiment combination.