基于PISA数据探究上海中学生学习时间的合理性

Research on Shanghai Secondary School Students' Optimal Learning Time Based on PISA Data

2012年的国际学生评估项目(PISA)详细收集了上海15岁学生的各类学习时间。PISA测试结果表明,学生作业时间与数学、阅读和科学成绩都有显著的正相关,但是这三科成绩与作业时间的正相关在每天1.5小时左右的总体作业量以后明显减弱。测试结果表明,接受私人家教的学生的平均数学成绩反而低于不接受家教的学生。虽然参加校外辅导班的学生的平均数学成绩高于不参加的学生,但是调查组在控制了学生个体和学校总体生源的家庭社会经济背景以后发现,参加辅导班对于提高成绩不再有效。另外,测试表明,一般而言,家庭社会经济背景好的学生会花更多的时间做作业从而获得更好成绩,并且对教师课堂管理能力评价较高的学生也投入了较多的作业时间。

Programme for International Student Assessment （PISA） 2012 collects detailed data about Shanghai 15 year-old students＇various kinds of learning time. There is positive correlation between homework time and students＂ reading, math and science performance, but the positive correlation between homework time and each subject＇sperformanee decreases after the homework time reaches about 1.5 hours per day. The students who work with a personal tutor have lower average math performance than those who do not. Although the students who attend out of school classes organized by a commercial company have higheraverage math performance than those who do not, such classes＇positive effect on performance disappears after student individual and school average socio- economic backgrounds are accounted for.Generally speaking, students from better socioeconomic family background spend more time doing homework and thus have better math performance, and students who report better math teachers＂ class management skills also spend more time on homework.