学前教育专项转移支付公平性分析——基于受益归宿的实证研究

The Equity of Transfer Payment to Preschool Education: An Empirical Study based on Benefit Incidence Analysis

学前教育转移支付是缩小学前教育差距、促进公平的重要制度保障。本文基于浙江省2009-2012年学前教育转移支付的数据调研,发现该项转移支付的主要受益者为人均收入最低地区居民,主要受损者为人均收入最高地区居民。整体而言,转移支付是公平的,但是,转移支付对整个学前教育公平的促进作用很小,而且笔者实证研究发现转移支付促进公平的力度随转移支付规模扩大出现减弱态势。完善学前教育转移支付制度可从以下方面着手:增加并硬化省级学前教育转移支付总量、建立因素法转移支付资金分配以及第三方转移支付资金绩效考核机制,这将有助于提高学前教育转移支付资金的公平程度,缩小已有的学前教育投入差距。

Transfer payment is the main method to improve equity of preschool education. Based on data from 2009 to 2011 in Zhejiang province, we found the main beneficiariesare the group with lowest income and the interest of the highest income group are impaired. Transfer payment to preschool education improves the overall equity. However, the contribution of transfer payment in improving equity is really small, and it decreases as the transfer payment increases. In order to improve equity, we need to increase the provincial government＇s transfer payment to preschool education and to establish transfer payment based on fiscal revenue andthird part evaluation system.