古代中国和希腊的祭祀及原理——以人类交易活动为视角的尝试性分析

Sacrifice and Principle of Ancient China and Greece——Analysis on the Perspective of Human Activity

在古代中国,祖先祭祀具有宗法特征,某个血缘家族垄断着对自然神的祭祀。与之相比,古代希腊却具各代祖先浓缩为一个固定神的特征,非血缘者能参加祖先祭祀,市民也能参加对自然神的公共祭祀。祭祀活动本身具有付出代价、求得回报的特性。因此,祖先祭祀可以被定义为人类上一代为避免自己亡灵的生活困苦而与下一代所进行的一种交易活动,而不同的投资方式规定了交易参与者的范围,最终衍生出中国和希腊在祭祀方面的各自特征。

In ancient China,universal characteristic of patriarchal clan ancestor worship a certain kinship family monopoly to natural worship of god.The ancient Greek,by contrast,but with each generation of ancestors enrichment for the characteristics of a fixed god,without blood can take part in the ancestor worship,citizens can also attend to the natural the public worship of god.Sacrifice activity itself has a cost,calculate characteristics of returns.Ancestor worship,therefore,can be defined as a human generation in order to avoid their undead hardship of life and the next generation of a trading activity.Its principle is that the victim to paradise after death,living in using possession of resources of sacrifice is investment(distribution),and beneficiaries of investment are required to discharge obligations.Sacrifice resources are limited,people tend to prefer to sacrifice kinship itself,which produces different ways of investment,and different ways of investment stipulate the scope of the transaction participants.Finally,respective sacrifice characteristics are produced in China and Greece.