青海云杉母树林害虫天敌资源及保护利用

On the Use and Protection of the Natural Enemies of Insect Pests in the Seed Stands of Picea crassifolia

采集鉴定出青海云杉(Picea crassifolia kom.)母树林害虫天敌昆虫135种,其中寄生性昆虫54种,捕食性昆虫81种.查到天敌昆虫甘肃省内新记录65种.查清了主要害虫的主要天敌种类和种实害虫优势种云杉球果小卷蛾的寄生蜂14种,总寄生率10%～60%,主要为曲姬蜂、马尾姬蜂和球果平胸姬小蜂3种.在结实大年结合采种收集球果,于结实小年释放寄生蜂可提高害虫的天敌寄生率36.5%～38.2%,降低虫果率55.1%.

species of natural enemies of the insect pests in the seed stands of Picea crassifolia in Qinghai Province are collected and identified,including 54 species of parasitic insects and 81 predatory insects. The important species of the natural enemies of the important pests and the 14 species of the parasite of Pseudotomides strobilellus are found. The total parasitic rate is 10%～60% including Svcambus sp. Megashyssa sp. and Hyssopus nigsitulus.Collecting the damaged seed cones in the year of bumper harvest and releasing parasite wasp in the year of poor harvest can increase the parasitic rate to 36.5%～38.2% and decrease the rate of damaged seed cones to 55.1%.