中国传统历史叙事中求真的内在张力——以《史记》的叙事为中心

Inner Tension of Seeking Truth in Traditional Chinese Historical Narrative

历史叙事研究成为当下中西学界历史学中的显学,也是当前后现代史学理论中颇受关注的研究课题。现代历史认识理论认为,史学内容的客观性与其表述的主观性之间产生的张力为史实、史义和史文的生成提供了充足空间,而史学正是在这种张力中展开历史叙事的。自史学产生以来,古今中外的史学家都把求真作为史学的基本原则和自己的学术责任,把以"善"和"美"为指归的历史事实的建构和解喻作为史学实践追求的理想境界。以司马迁的《史记》为代表的中国传统史学,即在力求充分展现历史真实的同时,竭力建构自己的道德世界,展现自己的审美情境,体现出中国传统历史叙事中"真"的理性诉求及其影响历史叙事的深层结构和文化力量。

The study of historical narrative becomes a famous research field and a subject in point in postmodern historical theory. According to modern historical cognition theory, the tension between the objectivity of the past and the subjectivity of historical narrative provides a sufficient space for demonstration of historical facts, meaning and writing, historical narratives are produced in this kind of tension. Since historiography came into being, historians generation by generation have always established seeking truth as fundamental rule of history study and their academic responsibility, considered construction and interpretation of historical facts for the purpose of realizing human benevolence and beauty as their ideal level. Representing by Sima Qian＇ s Historical Records, traditional Chinese historiography kept on trying to reveal historical reality, meanwhile it did utmost to construct its own moral world, show its own aesthetic aim, demonstrate an rational appeal for seeking truth in historical narration and as a cultural force it has influence on deep structure of historical narrative.