授时历议中的仲康日食记录研究

The Zhongkang Solar Eclipse Recorded in "Shoushi Liyi

“授时历议”见于《元史·历志》，是一篇用以阐述《授时历》（元代郭守敬等编制，行用于ＡＤ１２８１—１６４４）博大精深的长篇论文．通过对其中“仲康日食”记录的研究得出：１）“仲康日食”是一个与古代天文家推步合验的事件；２）《授时历》能求解出大部分“仲康日食”的现有结果；３）公元前２１２８年１０月１３日是僧一行（６８３—７２７）和郭守敬（１２３１—１３１６）推步“仲康日食”发生的日期，但尚未得到现代计算的认同；４）公元前２１２８年为仲康五年，只是古代的一个年代学结论．

When a new calendar system was published, a number of calculations had always ho taken out. In order to make that this calendar the best at that time, an ancient treatise about the Shoushi calendar known as Shoushi Liyi in'Lizhi' of Yuanshi was whiten for this propose. It gave a lot of ancient observing data and Several calendals' (including the Shoushi) calculating results such as eclipse data in order to compare them with the real observations Some of the data (especially the observation records) listed were very simple. The event of Zhangkang solar eclipse recorded in Shang Shu,the Chiners book of historical documents,was the earliest one in the world. The date identification of this eclipse in the early Xia Dynasty (the first dynasty of China,about BC 21st-16th centuries) always puzzles us. The date was calculated by the calendar of Shoushi (formulated by Guo Shou-jing, made in 1280,adopted from AD 1281-1644). Due to the Chinese historical astronomers' achievements about the calculations of the calendars and especially the eclipse counting method of the calendar of Shoushi, in this paper, the ancient materials are also studied by the ancient methods. By investigating the Zhongkang solar eclipse recorded in the Shoushi Liyi, we derived that, 1) the results of ancient astronomers' calculations are the same as the real record;2) this calendar can compute most results about this event in the world; 3)according to Guo's eclipse calculations, the date has been accurately converted to the Julian calendar, the result being Oct. 13, 2128 BC,but this conclusion needs more approval by the contemporary calculation; 4) the ancient result of the studies of years is that the fifth year of Zhongkang is really 2128 BC.