“文物”、“文化遗产”之术语辨析

Terminological Distinction Between “Cultural Relic” and “Cultural Heritage”

"文物"、"文化遗产"是文物行业的基础术语,但现时经常出现对两个词的交叉混用现象,引起认识的混乱。有必要从术语学的研究视角出发,对"文物"、"文化遗产"概念内涵的形成追根溯源,探查其对应术语的发展过程,厘清不同语言概念的对应和协调关系,辨析"文物"、"文化遗产"和相关术语的应用范围和特性,这一研究可促进行业内外对术语"文物"、"文化遗产"的正确认识和使用。

＂Cultural relic＂ and ＂cultural heritage＂ are two fundamental terms of the relics field. However, the two are often used indiscriminately in reality, which is likely to cause confusion of cognation. Based on the perspective of terminology, this article tracks the origin and formation of the two concepts, explores the development process of their corresponding terms, and clarifies the relation of the two concepts in different languages. The two terms ＂cultural relic＂ and ＂cultural heritage＂ are also distinguished regarding their application field and properties with the purpose to promote the accurate cognation and application of them.