社会、学校与家庭:民国人对博物馆教育功能的引介和实践

Society, Schools, and Families: Museum's Educational Function Introduced and Practised in the Republic Time

博物馆观念自清末被引入中国以来,清季士人及民国知识分子皆对其教育功能有所体悟、发挥和实践。以"开民智"、"倡实学"为目的而被晚清士人所乐道的博物馆,于民国期间又演化出了社会教育、学校教育和家庭教育功能,这既是民国人对博物馆教育功能引介和思考的结果,也应该成为今日中国博物馆学发展之基础以及自身学术传统中的重要组成部分。只有在全面细致梳理民国时期中国博物馆学发展概貌之后,才能对当下中国博物馆学的学术现状与不足产生深刻明晰之认识。

When the concept of the museum was introduced into China in the late Qing Dynasty, its educational function was greatly noticed and explored with practices. In the period of the late Qing, the museum was missioned to ＂enlighten people＂ and ＂advocate applied science＂. During the Republic, the educational function of the museums was expanded to include social, school and family education thanks to the efforts of intellectuals of the time. This idea should be regarded as the base for the development of today＇ s Chinese museology and included as an important of academic tradition. No thorough understanding of the current situation and challenges of Chinese museology can be gained without a full and careful review of the development of museology during the Republic time.