佛教的出世精神

Buddhism Supramundane Spirit

人们通常以为佛教的"出世"即意味着"出家",这是始于原始佛教时代的一种误会,将"在家"与"出家","社会生活"与"山林古寺"对立起来。小乘佛教的"出世"精神打破了这种二元对立,即"出世"并非一种空间转移和身份转换的问题,却视"烦恼"与"菩提","生死"与"涅槃"等为对立的二元。大乘佛教进一步打破了这种妄执,以体用不二的逻辑,从根本上实现了"烦恼"与"菩提","生死"与"涅槃","自度"与"度他"等的不二一如。在大乘佛教,"出世"是"入世"的本性,"入世"是"出世"的相用;可以说,"出世"即"入世","入世"即"出世"。

People often think that in Buddhism “supramundane”means “leaving home to be a monk”.Actually this is a misunderstanding originating from the original Buddhist era.This misunderstanding counterposes the＂being at home＂and＂leaving home＂,＂social life＂and＂forest temple＂.The spirit of leaving home in Hinayana Buddhism breaks the binary opposition,namely＂leaving home＂is not spatial transferrence or identity conversion.However it views “afflictions”and “Bodhi”,“Samsara”and “Nirvana”as two opposites.Mahayana Buddhism further breaks down the false ego.It fundamentally achieves the non-duality between“afflictions”and“Bodhi”,“Samsara”and“Nirvana”,“saving self”and “saving others”.In Mahayana Buddhism,“supramundane”is the nature of“getting into the world”,and “getting into the world”is the function of“supramundane”.We can conclude that “supra-mundane”is just “getting into the world”,and “getting into the world”is just “supramundane”.