几类新家族芋螺毒素研究进展

Progress on the study of new superfamily conotoxins

芋螺毒索由芋螺毒液管和毒囊内壁的毒腺所分泌，每种芋螺的毒液中至少含50-200种活性多肽。根据芋螺毒素高度保守的信号肽序列及二硫键骨架，芋螺毒素分为A、B1、B2、B3、c、D、E、F、G、H、11、12、13、J、K、I。、M、N、01、02、03、P、S、T、V、Y等26个超家族。目前对A、O、M等超家族芋螺毒素研究较多，但新近发现的S、I、J、C、D、B1、B3、V、Y等超家族芋螺毒素的结构及功能报道较少，这些超家族具有复杂的翻译后修饰和独特的半胱氨酸骨架。本文对新近发现的S、I、J、C、D、B1、B3、V、Y等超家族芋螺毒素的序列、结构、作用靶点及功能进行简要综述。

Conotoxins are secreted by the duct and theca of Cone snail, about 50--200 bioactive peptides exist in the venom of Cone snail. According to the highly conserved signal peptide sequences, conotox- ins can be divided into A-, B1-, B2-, B3-, C-, D-, E-, F-, G-, H-, II-, I2-, I3-, J-, K-, L-, M-, N-, O1-, O2-, O3-, P-, S-, T-, V-and Y-superfamilies, etc. A , （Y, Msuperfamily conotoxins have been well characterized and reviewed. Some novel conotoxins, such as S-, I-, J-, C-, D-, BI-, B3-, V-, Y- superfamily, have been found recently, and exhibit complicated post-translational modifications and no-vel cysteine frameworks. This review briefly summarizes the progress of the studies on the sequence characters, structures, targets and functions of those novel conotoxins.