耕地转型的研究路径探讨

Route of cultivated land transition research

当前,土地利用转型研究总体上处于"描述—解释"阶段,高度集中在森林转型研究领域及空间形态研究路径。学术界亟须推动土地利用转型研究向科学调控阶段发展。对此,本文尝试提出耕地转型的研究路径,以期带动土地利用转型研究领域向半人工半自然复合土地系统乃至人工土地系统拓展、研究路径向非空间形态延伸。耕地转型诊断可以从空间形态转型与功能形态转型两条路径开展。其中,前一路径关注耕地的空间分布及其收缩与扩张,可以从耕地数量变化或格局变化视角开展研究;后一路径关注耕地功能的变化过程,可以从外部性或政策演进视角开展研究。由社会—生态负反馈驱动的耕地功能形态转型,主导着由社会—经济动态驱动的耕地空间形态转型进程。据此,作者构建了耕地转型调控框架及其层次分析体系。

Land use transition research （LUTR） is currently evolving from description to explanation as a whole. Moreover, it focuses on forest transition from spatial perspectives. It is obliged to promote the LUTR to achieve land use regulation according to human needs. For example, domain of the LUTR should be expanded to semi-natural even artificial land systems, and the non-spatial research route should be emphasized. This paper presents the research route of cultivated land transition conforming to dual deconstruction from the perspective of spatial and functional morphologies of land. The research route concerning spatial morphology focuses on the long-term process of change in spatial distribution of cultivated land. From this point of view, cultivated land transition could be diagnosed by analyzing changes in cultivated land amount or pattern. In the meanwhile, the research route concerning functional morphology show concern on the evolving cultivated land functions. From this viewpoint, cultivated land transition could be diagnosed from externality or policy evolution perspectives. The process of spatial transition of cultivated land forced by socio-economic dynamics is dominated by the functional transition forced by negative socio-ecological feedbacks. Based on this understanding, the framework of cultivated land transition regulation and its analysis level system are established.