中亚国家地缘位置与中国地缘战略的若干思考

Geopolitical position of Central Asian countries and geopolitical strategy of China

中亚地区以其独特的地缘位置而受到美、俄、中及欧盟等大国的高度重视。中亚是中国的重要邻邦,也是中国周边合作的重点地区,更是中国提升安全与能源保障的重要地缘战略依托。基于人文—经济地理学视角,从中亚国家的特点、中亚国家的地缘位置、中国和中亚国家的地缘关系,以及地缘合作战略等方面,对中亚国家的地缘位置及其与中国的地缘战略进行较为系统的分析。主要结论为:①中亚地区自然—人文地理特点的一致性,区域内部发展的差异性,对外部经济的高度依赖性,大国角逐的长期性,以及对中国地缘利益的重要性,是地理学关注和研究中亚地缘问题的主要切入点;②在全球尺度上,运用柯恩的当代世界地缘政治区划模型,分析中亚与以俄罗斯为代表的"欧亚大陆辖区"、以美国为代表的"海洋辖区"、以中国为代表的"东亚辖区"的地缘关系;在区域尺度上,建立一个"同心圆和扇形分布"相结合的模型,分析中亚与相邻国家或地区的地缘关系;③中国在中亚地区有着良好的地缘政治、经济、文化利益,中亚国家对中国也有巨大的地缘需求,这是中国与中亚国家相互合作的基础;④中国未来应逐步成为中亚地缘政治与文化的"参与者"、地缘经济的"引领者"。

Beginning with the ancient Silk Road till the emergence of the concept ＂Silk Road Economic Belt＂ in recent years,Central Asia,with its unique geopolitical position,has always been of high strategic importance to China.As neighboring countries of China,Central Asian countries are key partners for China＇s development cooperation.They also have an important role to play in China＇s pursuit for improving its national security and energy security.From the perspective of human and economic geography,this paper systematically examines the geopolitical position of Central Asian countries and their geopolitical strategies toward China based on country characteristics and their geopolitical relationship and geopolitical cooperation strategy with China.（1） The homogeneity of the natural and human systems of Central Asia,the disparity of development levels within the region and dependency upon external forces of the national economies,and the long-term competition among great powers as well as the region＇s high importance to China＇s geopolitical interests,provide the entry point for the interest and study of geography on Central Asia geopolitical issues.（2） On the global scale,this paper analyzes the geopolitical relationship between Central Asian countries and Russia that represents the ＂Eurasian Area＂,United States that represents the ＂Marine Area＂,and China that represents the ＂East Asian Area＂ in Cohen＇s contemporary geopolitical regionalization model of the world; On the regional scale,this paper analyzes the geopolitical relationship between Central Asian and neighboring countries or regions using a combined concentric circles and fan-shaped distribution model.（3） China has well-developed geopolitical,economic and cultural interests in Central Asia,and Central Asian countries also have a huge geopolitical demand towards China.These constitute the basis of the cooperation between China and Central Asian countries.（4） China should gradually become an active participant of geopolitics and geopolitical culture in Central Asia and a leader of regional geopolitical economy in the future.