对2011《条约保留实践指南》制度填补条款的合理性探究

A Reasonabe Probe into System Loophole Provisions of 2011 Guide to Practice on Reservations to Treaties

国际法委员会在2011年通过了《条约保留的实践指南》的总报告。该报告对已有的三大条约保留公约的既有规则进行了扩展说明,并填补了一些制度的漏洞。制度填补条款的合理性问题成为各方关注的焦点。报告已从学说、法规、案例等多角度来论证这种合理性。但是也有观点隐晦、行文拖沓之感,还须作进一步的梳理和添加。条约保留领域的合理性探究的理论依据主要涉及同意原则、完整性原则、普遍性原则以及条约冲突方面的基本原则。而条约保留领域主要包括条约保留的程序、保留的允许性和保留的法律效力(含无效保留)三个方面的问题。

International law commission adopted the general report on ＂ Guide to Practice on Reservations to Treaties＂ in 2011. The Report extends instructions to giving norm in Vienna Convention on Treaty Law and fills up some system loopholes. The Reasonability of system loophole provisions becomes focus of all parties. The report has demonstrated the reasonability from doctrine, norms, cases and other angles. Whereas the viewpoint is obscure and the writing-style is dilatory in this report, it＇s necessary to tease and add to it further. Theoretical basis of the reasonable probe into reservations to treaties primarily refers to consent-principle, integrity-principle, universality-principle, and basic principle on treaty-conflict. Reservations to treaties chiefly include procedure, admissibility and legal effects of reserva- tions to treaties of reservations （including void reservations） .