黄河流域植被生态用水过程动态模拟

Dynamic Simulation of Vegetation Eco-water of the Yellow River Basin

以黄河流域为例,通过集成RS/GIS技术,利用生态水文评估工具中模块化生态水文综合管理系统(EcoHAT)对研究区植被生态用水过程进行定量模拟,模拟出该流域20世纪50年代以来像元尺度上植被生态用水量,得到研究区植被生态用水时空结构差异。结果表明:在年际变化上,20世纪60年代和80年代偏多,而70年代和90年代偏少,2000年生长季植被生态用水量为263.5 mm;年内变化整体与降水变化趋势相一致,最大值集中在6—8月;从植被类型看,最小是草地,其次为灌丛,最大为林地;从水资源分区上看,最小的是兰河干流区间,伊洛河流域最大。其中,兰河干流区间、河龙干流区间、内流区、湟水流域、龙兰干流区间、龙羊峡以上及洮河流域普遍小于400 mm,汾河流域、黄河下游、泾河流域、北洛河流域、沁河流域、渭河流域、龙三干流区间、三花干流区间及伊洛河流域普遍大于400 mm。

In recent years, eco-water requirement has been a new and hot spot in the study of ecology, hydrology and science of water resources. In this study, an eco-hydrological model is constructed to simulate the vegetation eco-water in the Yellow River Basin, China. The structure of vegetation ecological water during a series of land use changes in the Yellow River Basin were studied by using a combination of Remote Sensing and GIS technology, along with the meteorological data and in situ field survey, vegetation and soil texture data. The results show that： in terms of interannual changes, the vegetation ecological water fluctuations are mainly affected by climatic factors such as precipitation, the vegetation ecological water of the Yellow River Basin in the 1960s and 1980s were more than the 1970s and 1990s, and in 2000, vegetation ecological water consumption was 263.5 mm; the maximum value of vegetation ecological water was in June, July and August; in terms of vegetation types, grassland had the minimum value, followed by shrubland, and the largest was woodland; and in terms of water resources division, the mainstream of the Lanhe River Basin had the smallest （240 mm） and the Yiluo River Basin had the largest （563.1 mm） green water flows, respectively. Among the basins, the mainstream of the Lanhe River Basin, the mainstream of the Helong River Basin, the Inner-flow Section, the Huangshui River Basin, the mainstream of the Long-Lan River Basin, the upwards section of the Longyang Gorge and the Taohe River Basin generally had less than 400 mm of green water flow. In contrast, the Fenhe River Basin, the lower Yellow River Basin, the Jinghe River Basin, the Bei Luohe River Basin, the Qinhe River Basin, the Weihe River Basin, the mainstream of the Sanhua River Basin and the Yiluo River Basin generally had over 400 mm of green water flow.