浙江省宁波市鄞州区2003—2012年尘肺发病分析

Incidents of Pneumoconiosis in Yinzhou District of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 2003-2012

[目的]了解浙江省宁波市鄞州区尘肺发病特点,为制定鄞州区尘肺防治措施提供依据。[方法]收集鄞州区2003—2005年尘肺病报告卡,2006—2012年健康危害因素监测信息系统中网络报告的尘肺病例,汇总后进行统计分析。[结果]报告的279例新发尘肺病例,男女性别比为4.7∶1,平均发病年龄为(41.2±8.6)岁,接尘工龄为(8.4±4.1)年;其中矽肺占99.3%;以小型企业(占74.2%),私有经济(占89.2%),轻工和机械行业(分别占55.6%和41.2%)为主。发病年龄、接尘工龄比较,外省务工者均小于本省户籍者(t=7.16,P<0.01;t’=5.68,P<0.01);轻工<机械<地质矿产行业(LSD检验,P均<0.01)。自2005年以来新发病例中,机械行业的构成比持续在50%以上。[结论]鄞州区内尘肺发病年龄轻、接尘工龄短,行业、区域聚集性突出,外来务工者是尘肺防治的重点与难点人群。

[ Objective ] To analyze the characteristics of pneumoconiosis incidents in Yinzhou District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province and to provide basis for developing pneumoconiosis prevention measures. [ Methods ] Pneumoconiosis disease report cards were retrieved from Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention （2003-2005） and health hazards monitoring network system （2006-2012） for statistical analysis. [ Results ] A total of 279 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in this district from 2003 to 2012. The male to female ratio was 4.7 ： 1, the average age was （41.2 ± 8.6） years old, and the length of occupational dust exposure was （8.4 ± 4.1） years. The other descriptive parameters were silicosis （99.3%）, working in small enterprises （74.2%）, private sectors （89.2%）, light industry and machinery industry （55.6% and 41.2%, respectively）. The age of pneumoconiosis onset and the length of dust exposure in the migrant workers were shorter than those of the local workers （t=-7.16, P 〈 0.01; t＇=5.68, P 〈 0.01, respectively）, and the same results were also reported in patients working for light industry in comparison with machinery industry and mineral product manufacturing industry （LSD-test, P 〈 0.01）. Moreover, the machinery industry accounted for over 50% of yearly pneumoconiosis incidents since 2005. [ Conclusion ] Yinzhou District reports pneumoconiosis incidences with features of young disease onset age, short exposure length, as well as industrial and regional clustering. Migrant workers should be the target population for pneumoconiosis prevention.