英国工业革命、国家管制与经济发展

Industrial Revolution,State Regulation and Economic Development

从都铎王朝建立到19世纪中期工业革命结束,英国经济发展经历了由国家管制向全面自由的转变。都铎王朝是英国民族国家形成的时代,形成了与之前封建碎化的状态完全不同的、君主对国家事务强有力的控制。而到工业革命时期,这种国家管制已经越来越不适应经济发展的要求。这种呼吁自由发展经济的诉求也体现在当时经济学家对经济发展的思考之中,并逐渐应用于经济生活,为英国工业革命的发展和实现现代经济的增长提供了自由的环境。

The economic development in England has experienced the transformation from the regulation by the government to the full freedom during the period from the establishment of Tudor dynasty to the end of the industrial revolution in the middle of the 19th century. It is the era of formation of nation-state in Tudor dynasty. That is, a strong control of state affairs by monarch is formed, which is completely different from the feudal gragmentation in the past. In the era of industrial revolution, this regulation exerted by government is getting more and more inadaptable to the requirement of economic growth. The call for a free economic development is reflected in the thoughts of contemporary economists. These thoughts are gradually applied to the economic life, which provide free environment for the development of industrial revolution and the realization of modem economic growth.