网球正手上旋球技术特征的运动学分析

Kinematics Analysis on Tennis Forehand Topspin Technical Characteristics

运用影像解析方法,对网球正手上旋球技术动作进行测量与分析,从生物力学角度探讨击球时刻各个关节的角度、速度及击球点高度等参数与优秀网球正手上旋球技术动作间的关系。实验结果表明:网球正手上旋击球动作瞬间,拍面与地面的夹角为35.4°、膝角为159.6°、大小臂夹角为120.7°、大臂与躯干的夹角为57.6°,结合人体结构特点分析,这一姿态较为有利,既可以增挥拍的速度,又不失蹬转的爆发力。主要关节及握点的最大速度为腕关节9.32、肘关节4.26、踝关节4.05、握点10.2m/s,即要想击出强有力的上旋球必须加快抖腕、小臂的内旋和身体的蹬转。击球点控制在膝关节左右的高度,有利于屈膝,增加爆发力。理想的发力时序应为"踝—膝—髋—肩—肘—腕"。

Through using image analysis method, the present thesis analyzes the techniques of tennis fore hand topspin and discusses the relationship between the driving moment of each joint angles, speed, pa rameters of hit point height and technical action of forehand topspin of excellent tennis player. The experi mental results show that the posture is comparatively more effective, from the perspective of human anat omy, for both increasing the speed of swinging racket and＇enhancing the power of rotation at the moment of top spin ball when the angle between the ground surface and racket surface is 35.4% the angle of knee is 159.6°,the angle between big arm and forearm is 120. 7°, and the angle between big arm and trunk is 57.6 °. The main joints and maximum speed are separately： wrist 9.32 m/s, elbow ioint 4.9,6 m/s, ankle 4. 05 m/s,holding at 10. 2 m/s. ,which means that it is necessary to speed up pocket wrist,arm and inter nal rotation of the leg to the body for a powerful spin ball. The height of batting point should be at the knee,which is effective for bending knee and enhancing power. The idea[ power transmission order should be ＂ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, elbow and wrist＂.