重庆市部分农村居民高血压患病率及影响因素分析

Analysis of hypertension morbidity and influencing factors among rural residents in Chongqing city

目的了解重庆市农村居民高血压患病率及其相关影响因素，为开展当地农村地区高血压等慢性病防控工作提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法抽取农村居民进行面对面的问卷调查与体格检查，采用x：检验比较不同年龄、文化程度、是否吸烟、是否饮酒等高血压患病率的差异，采用多因素logistic回归分析高血压患病率的独立影响因素。结果共调查1528人，高血压粗患病率为39．8％，标化患病率为28．4％，现在吸烟率为22．51％，过去12个月内17．54％的居民有饮酒史，每天摄人新鲜水果不足1次的比例高达82．98％，食用奶制品的比例为21．47％，食用咸菜的比例为69．63％，9．23％的居民有休闲性的高中强度活动，肥胖检出率为9．29％。多因素回归分析发现，年龄（OR=1．99，95％CI：1．70～2．32）、是否食用豆制品（OR=I．31，95％CI：1．03～1．68）、父母是否患高血压（OR=I．00，95％CI：1．00～1．01）、体重（OR=1．96，95％C1：1．65—2．34）是高血压患病率的独立影响因素。结论当地农村居民高血压患病率较高，超重肥胖检出率较高，吸烟、饮酒、膳食不合理、运动不足等高血压的危险因素普遍存在，应加强农村地区高血压等慢性病的防治工作。

Objective To understand the hypertension morbidity and influencing factors among rural residents in Chongqing city and to provide the basis for preventing and controlling hypertension. Methods Rural residents sampled by the multiple stratified cluster random sampling method were investigated with questionnaire and physical examination. The differences of hypertension morbidity among residents with different age, education levels, smoking and drinking behaviors were examined with Chi-square test. The dependent influencing factors of hypertension morbidity were assessed by muhivariable logistic regression. Results The subjects of present study were 1 528 residents [average age： （51.3＋13.9） years old]. The crude and adjusted morbidities of hypertension were 39.80% and 28.4%, respectively. The smoking rate at present was 22.51%. The drinking rate in the past 12 months was 17.54%. The fruit intake in 82.98% residents was less than one time each day. The rate of milk intake was 21.47%. The rate of pickle intake was 69.63%. The proportion of residents with high or middle physical activity was 9.23 %. The proportion of residents with obesity was 9.29%. The multi-variable logistic regression indicated that age, intake of soy products, the family history of hypertension and weight were the independent influencing factors for hypertension morbidity. The OR values were 1.99 （95%CI： 1.70-2.32）, 1.31 （95%C1： 1.03-1.68）, 1.00 （95%CI： 1.00-1.01） and 1.96 （95%CI： 1.65-2.34）, respectively. Conclusion The morbidities of hypertension and obesity among rural residents are high. Smoking, drinking, unreasonable diet and lack of physical activity are the risk factors of hypertension. It is urgent to strengthen the prevention and control of hypertension.