青海春油菜田除草剂筛选及药害诊断研究

Herbicide Screening and Injury Diagnosis on Spring Rape in Qinghai

为明确春油菜田除草剂药害发生规律和筛选适合的除草剂,选取6种常用油菜田除草剂,研究了青海春油菜田药害发生对作物生长的影响。结果表明:草除灵在防除春油菜田杂草时极易发生药害,应谨慎使用,不能超过最大施用剂量(1 950mL/hm2)。施用氟乐灵、乙草胺、胺苯磺隆高量的倍量(分别为6 000mL/hm2、2 010mL/hm2、300g/hm2)后,春油菜发生严重药害,开花比例抑制率分别为56.25%、43.19%、13.06%,角果期株高抑制率分别为15.57%、14.10%、10.53%,产量严重降低,分别下降47.81%、44.16%、18.61%,因此使用时不宜超过最大施用剂量(即3 000mL/hm2、1 005mL/hm2、150g/hm2)。二氯吡啶酸、精喹禾灵高量和高量倍量处理后在试验过程中未引起明显药害,作物生长未受到影响,产量与人工除草(对照)相当,在春油菜田杂草防除中推荐使用。

In order to clarify the occurrence regularity of herbicide phytotoxicity and select the suitable herbicides in spring rape field, six common herbicides were chosen to study the influences of phytotoxicity occurrence on the growth of spring rape. The results showed that benazolin easily caused phytotoxicity when used to control weeds in spring rape field. It should be applied carefully, not over the maximum dosage（1 950 mL/ha）. Trifluralin, acetochlor and ethmmetsulfuron created serious phytotoxicity and had influence on plant height and flower numbers of spring rape after applying the dosage of two-fold high amount（6 000 mL/ha,2 010 mL/ha,300 g/ha,respectively）. The inhibition ratios of flower number proportion were 56.25%, 43.19%,13.06%,and the inhibition ratios of plant height were 15.57%,14. 10%, 10.53% after applying the three herbicides. The yields severely reduced, respectively down 47. 81%, 44. 16%, 18. 61%. Thus, they should not be applied over the maximum dosage（3 000 mL/ha, 1 005 mL/ha, 150 g/ha）. There was no obvious phytotoxicity and no effect on crop growth,and yield was identical with the control after applying clopyralid and quizalofop with dosage of high amount and two-fold high amount. The two herbicides were recommended to use in the spring rape field to control weeds.