减少荔枝果园肥料使用量的薄膜覆盖试验

Test for reducing fertilizer in litchi orchard by using film covering

为了减少荔枝果园施肥量,摸索省工、高效的栽培新技术,通过对地膜覆盖栽培（4年不施肥）和普通的生草栽培（按常规施肥）两种处理的对比观察,测定了糯米糍荔枝果园地表水分的周年变化,研究了地膜覆盖和生草栽培两种处理对荔枝树势、产量的影响以及相关的生产成本.结果表明：在2009年5月～2011年12月,地膜覆盖处理的地表水分变化缓慢、幅度小,平均含水量稍低于生草栽培对照;2009年的果实裂果率大大低于对照,产量也明显高于对照,冬季的树势亦好于对照;2010年薄膜覆盖的果实裂果率虽然与对照相当,但产量仍然高于对照,冬春季荔枝树的长势也好于对照;两者的裂果率在2011年虽然没有明显差异,但薄膜覆盖的产量仍然比对照略高.2011年,参加试验的两组树势差异不大.2012年春夏季节,处理树树势也优于对照.

In order to reduce the amount of fertilization in litehi orchard, grope the new technologies of saving labor and efficient eultivation, by eomparison of the four years of mulching cultivation （no fertilizer） and the ordinary grass cultivation （conventional fertilization）, this study observed and measured the annual change of surfaee moisture in Nuomici litchi orchards, compared the litchi tree vigor, production and the cost of the two treatments. The results showed that, in the period of May 2009 to December 2011, the change of surfaee moisture of fihn mulching treatment was slow, the amplitude was small, and the average moisture content of film mulching treatment was slightly lower than that of grass cultivation. In 2009, the fruit cracking rate of film mulching treatment was much lower than that of control, the yied was significantly higher than that of control, the tree vigor in winter was also better than that of the control. In 2010, the fruit cracking rate of film mulching treatment was fairly with the control, hut the yield was still higher than that of the control, the tree vigor in the winter and spring were better than those of control. Although there was no significant difference of fruit cracking rate in 2011, but the production of film covering was still slightly higher than that of control. In 2011, the tree vigor of the two groups had few differences. But in the spring and summer of 2012, the tree vigor of film mulching treatment was better than that of control again.