野菊茎叶及其根际土壤浸提液对白绢病菌与白术种子萌发的化感效应

Allelopathic effects of stem and leaf extracts and its rhizosphere soil extracts of Chrysanthemum indicum L. on Atractylodes macrocephala seed germination and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

以白术常见病害真菌白绢菌和白术种子为受试材料,采用菌丝生长速率法和培养皿滤纸法研究了野菊茎叶提取物及其根际土壤提取物对白绢菌菌丝生长及白术种子萌发和生长发育的化感效应。结果表明:在测试的浓度梯度范围内,野菊的茎叶水提液(0.5 g/mL)、茎叶醇提液(0.125 g/mL)、根际土壤醇提液(0.125 g/mL)、根际土壤水提液(0.25 g/mL)均能显著抑制白绢病菌菌丝生长,且随着提取液浓度的升高抑制作用增强。根据试验结果推断:野菊茎叶水溶性提取物(0.5 g/mL)显示出对白术种子发芽的抑制作用,而野菊茎叶醇提液对白术种子萌发和生长无明显影响。野菊茎叶醇提物中的化感物质显示出对白绢菌的拮抗作用,且对白术种子萌发和生长无明显抑制作用。这为开发防治白术土传病害的新型植物源杀菌剂奠定了基础。

Based on growth rate method and Petri dishes filter paper method, extracts of stem and leaf from Chrysanthemum indicum L. and extracts of its rhizosphere soil were tested for their allelopathic effects on seed germination and seeding growth of Atractylodis macrocephala Koidz. , and on the development of Sclerotium rolfsii Sace.. The mycelium growth was significantly restrained at the concentration of 0.5 g/mL of the aqueous extract of stern and leaf, at the concentration of 0.125 g/mL of the ethanol extract of stem and leaf, and at the concentration of 0.25 g/mL of the aqueous extract and the concentration of 0.125 g/mL of the ethanol extract of its rhizosphere soil from Chrysanthemum indicum L, and the stimulative rates were enhanced with the increasing concentration. Seed germination and seedling growth were inhibited at 0.5 g/mL of the aqueous extract of stem and leaf, while ethanol extract of stem and leaf showed less inhibitory. It suggested that allelochemicals in the ethanol extract of stem and leaf from C. indicum L. contributed the inhibitory effects on S. rolfsii, and couldn＇t effectively deal with seed germination and seedling growth. The results provide a new experimental basis that ethanol extract of stem and leaf from C. indicum L. will be used to develop a new botanical fungicide to deal with soil-borne diseases in A. macrocephala.