广东果园生物多样性利用与生态农业模式概述

Brief introduction of biodiversity utilization and ecological farming models in orchards in Guangdong province

分析了广东省果园利用的现状,指出全省果园利用中存在单一化种植、病虫害多、农药使用多、循环产业链短、土地利用效率低、外来入侵生物多、土壤退化、水土流失严重等问题。在此基础上,分别从结构、效益以及地域分布等方面阐述了当前广东省果园利用的典型生态模式,如"猪-沼-果"模式、"林-果-草-鱼"模式、"果-草-禽(牧)"模式、果园养蜂模式、果园套种蔬菜、食用菌模式以及果园间作花生、牧草模式等。

The orchard production situation in Guangdong province was analyzed and the related problems, including mono-planting, frequent outbreaking of diseases and insect pests and more chemical pesticide inputting, short production chain and low land use efficiency, more invasive alien species, soil degradation, serious water loss and soil erosion were pointed out as well. Moreover, some typical ecological utilization models in orchards, such as ＂pig-biogas-fruit＂ model, ＂forest-fruit tree-grass-fish＂ model, ＂fruit-grass-livestock＂ model, bee-keeping in orchard model, and intereropping models between fruit trees and vegetables, edible mushrooms, peanuts, pasture grasses respectively were analyzed and introduced from aspects of farming system structure, ecological benefits and application distribution.