酶定向进化文库的筛选方法

Screening method of the directed evolution library of enzyme

酶工程作为生物技术的主体之一,对农产品加工等的发展具有广泛作用。自然界中的酶往往不能满足实际生产,因此需要通过模拟自然界中的蛋白质进化,对酶进行改造和突变文库筛选,最终得到符合实际生产的酶。目前,改造酶的途径主要有定点突变和定向突变两种。突变体文库的建立方法较为成熟,并且建立起的文库库容也能够达到研究者的要求,但是突变体文库的筛选受现有技术等所局限,成为了定向进化技术的瓶颈。介绍了几种常用的突变体文库的筛选方法,对它们的原理及特点进行阐述,并对未来的发展方向及趋势进行了总结。

Enzyme engineering is one of the subject in biological technology, has a widely effect in agricultural products processing. Natural enzymes often cannot fit the actual production, so the enzyme modification and mutant library screening are necessary. At present, there are two main ways for enzyme evolution, including point mutation and directed mutation. Establishment methods of mutant libraries are mature relatively, and the capacity of libraries can meet the requirements. But the screening methods of mutant libraries are restricted by existing techniques, and become the bottleneck of the directed evolution technique. This paper introduces several common methods for mutant library screening, elaborates the principle and characteristics of these nlethods, and the future development direction and trend are sununarized.