基于推出率控制的机场拥挤管理策略研究

Research on Strategy of Airport Congestion Management Based on Pushback Rate Control

当机场产生拥挤或将要产生拥挤时,持续的航班推出滑行势必会造成拥挤程度的恶化,进而增加离场航班在滑行过程中的滑行等待时间。滑行中航空器的发动机是不停歇的,滑行时间的增加意味着燃油消耗增多以及排放物的增加。针对这个问题,提出通过对离场航班的推出率控制来缓解机场拥挤,减少离场航班的滑行等待时间。首先对北京首都机场历史运行数据的统计分析,探索了当前离场航班滑行量与未来15 min进场航班量以及未来15 min起飞率三者之间的规律,提出推出率控制策略及实现方法;然后,设计了推出率的辅助计算程序。最后使用SIMMOD仿真工具对北京首都机场进行建模,并对繁忙时段实施推出率控制。仿真结果显示:通过对离场航班实施推出率控制,选取时段中场面推出滑行量被控制在一个相对较低水平。该段时间内408架次航班平均每架次仅等待了3.3 min,但总的滑行时间减少了63.2 h。

When airport congestion happens or is going to take place,the continuing pushback and taxiing-out of departures will surely make the situation of congestion worse and the holding time of departures will increase.To solve this problem,a method through pushback rate control to mitigate airport congestion and to reduce the holding time of departures is discussed.Firstly,the historical air traffic data of Beijing Capital International Airport（BCIA）is analyzed,the relationship among current number of taxiing out,the number of arrivals in next 15 minutes and takeoff rate in next 15 minutes is explored.After that,the aided program is designed to compute the pushback rate.The SIMMOD model of BCIA is built up and the pushback rate control is applied in the simulation at the third step.The result of simulation shows that the number of taxiing out is kept at a lower level after the application of pushback rate control.The total taxiing time was reduced for 63.2 hours while gate-hold time of 408 departures increase by an average of only 3.3 minutes.