大连市老年人社会心理需求调查

Elderly social psychological needs in Dalian city

目的了解大连市老年人的社会心理需求。方法选择大连市区内800名60岁以上老年人进行问卷调查(内容包括社会人口学特征、心理需求与满意度、生活经济状况、自理情况、养老意愿、医疗保健需求等)。结果共回收问卷790份,回收率98.8%。在社会人口学特征方面,接受调查的老年人平均年龄为(68.5±7.4)岁。其中男性378人,平均年龄(68.7±6.3)岁;女性412人,平均年龄(70.2±7.9岁)。有独立经济收入者706人,占89.4%;无独立经济收入者84人,占10.6%。有劳动保险、社会保障和公费医疗者702人,占88.9%;自费者86人,占10.9%。在社会心理状态方面,关心国家大事者578人,占73.2%;对目前生活比较满意者602人,占76.2%。在养老意愿方面,要求家庭养老者462人,占58.5%;同意到养老机构者112人,占14.2%。社会心理问题表现为,空巢老年人252人,占31.9%;独居老人88人,占11.1%;感到孤独老人217人,占27.5%;担心身体不好者726人,占91.9%;经济困难者252人,占31.9%;无人照料者33人,占4.2%;医药费用感到高者474人,占60.0%。患高血压者387人,占49.0%;患冠心病者253人,占32.0%。在就诊选择上,有626人到省、市级医院,占79.2%。结论我市已经进入老龄化社会,不同老年群体的社会心理需求不尽相同。因此,政府应考虑老年人的不同需求,加强老年关怀,完善养老体系建设;加强老年保健,完善社区卫生服务;加强老年心理疏导,关注老人精神需求。

Objective To understand the elderly social psychological needs in Dalian city. Methods A questionnaire sur- vey was conducted among 800 people over 60 years old in urban area of Dalian （ including： social demographic characteris- tics, psychological needs and satisfaction, economic conditions of life, self - care case, pension requirement and health care needs）. Results A total of 790 questionnaires were returned, the recovery rate was 98.8%. In terms of social demo- graphic characteristics, the average age of the elderly was （68.5 ± 7.4） years, including 378 men, with mean age （68.7 ± 6. 3） years; 412 women, with mean age （70. 2 ± 7.9） years; The number of people with independent econom- ic income were 706, accounting for 89.4% ; The number of persons with no independent economic income were 84, ac- counting for 10. 6%. 702 elderly men had labor insurance, social security and public health services, accounting for 88. 9% ; 86 persons at their own expense, accounting for 10. 9%. In social psychology, concerned about national affairs in 578 people, accounted for 73.2% ; the life was more satisfactory in 602 people, accounting for 76. 2%. In endowment, re- quirements of family pension to 462 people accounted for 58.5% ; Agree to old - age care institutions in 112 people accoun- ted for 14. 2%. Social and psychological problems manifested as： 252 elderly were empty nest people, accounting for 31.9% ; 88 elder people lived alone, accounting for 11.1% ; 217 felt lonely, accounting for 27. 5% ; 726 people worried about their poor health conditions, accounting for 91.9% ; And 252 people with poor economic conditions accounted for 31.9% ; Unattended 33 people accounted for 4. 2% ; 474 people who thought the medical expenses high accounted for 60. 0%. 387 people suffering from hypertension accounted for 49.0% ; 253 people suffering from coronary heart disease ac- counted for 32. 0%. In the treatment choices, 626 chose the provincial and municipal hospitals, accounting for 79. 2% . ConclusionOur city hasentered the aging society, the elderly population in different different social and psychological needs arenot the same. Therefore,the same. Therefore, the government should strengthen the aged care and psychological counseling, improve the construction of pension system and community health service, pay attention to the elderly mental demand, on the basis of differ-ent needs of the old people.