试析埃及科普特人战后政治地位的演变原因?

A Tentative Analysis on the Evolution of Copts' Political Status in Postwar Egypt

作为中东最大的基督教群体,埃及科普特人在20世纪70年代前却鲜为人知。70年代后,埃及国内穆斯林和基督徒之间接连不断的冲突才使科普特人问题得到国际社会的关注。本文从埃及总统对宗教和科普特人的态度、政府法律条规对科普特人的影响、科普特基督教和科普特人对埃及政府的态度等三方面,梳理了埃及科普特人在战后政治地位的演变过程,认为埃总统发挥宗教职能的不同方式、埃及人共同的国民政治认同尚未真正形成以及科普特人缺乏政治参与热情是其政治地位变化的主要原因。展望未来,尽管形势仍扑朔迷离,但革命后的埃及的伊斯兰化不仅没有弱化、反而有强化趋势,而埃及宪法的世俗化又将直接影响到科普特人政治地位问题的根本性解决。因此,科普特人政治地位的发展前景并不乐观,问题也不太可能在短期内得到解决。

Copts in Egypt, the largest Christian community in the Middle East, did not seized international attention until conflicts between Muslims and Christians became incessant in the 1970 s. From three aspects, namely, Egyptian presidents' attitude toward religion and Copts, the influence of laws and regulations enacted by the Egyptian government on Copts, and the attitudes of Coptic Christianity and Copts toward the Egyptian government, the article starts with combing the evolution of Copts' political status in postwar Egypt. As to why Copts' political status has changed, the various ways in which Egyptian presidents handled religion's functions, the Egyptian government having yet established a common political identity, and Copts lacking enthusiasm for politics are main reasons. Looking to the future, when the situation remains complicated, post-revolutionary Egypt will become increasingly Islamized while the secularization of Egypt's constitution will have a direct influence on the problem of Copts' political status. Consequently, the article predicts that it is unlikely for Copts' political status to be improved in the near future.