洋山港建设对小洋山岛潮间带大型底栖动物的影响

Effect of Construction of Yangshan Port on Benthic Macrofauna at the Intertidal Zone of Xiao-Yangshan Island

洋山港建设过程中,通过围填海将小洋山岛、镬盖塘岛、蒋公柱岛、小岩礁岛、大指头岛、沈家湾岛、中门堂岛等十余个岛屿组成新的"小洋山岛",其海岸多为人工海岸,选择码头、人工石岸和滩涂等不同类型的典型人工海岸,分析小洋山岛人工海岸大型底栖动物生态特征,探讨洋山港建设对小洋山岛潮闻带大型底栖动物的影响。共采集到大型底栖动物24种,其中软体动物15种、节肢动物5种、苔藓动物2种、环节动物2种,种类组成以广布种为主,部分为河口低盐种。3种不同的人工海岸大型底栖动物种类数和优势种不同,码头柱桩共采集到9种、人工石岸潮间带共采集到13种、滩涂潮间带共采集到7种。码头的优势种为网纹藤壶(Y=0.79)、近江牡蛎(Y=0.16)、齿纹蜓螺(Y=0.05);人工石岸的优势种为齿纹蜓螺(Y=0.43)、僧帽牡蛎(Y=0.11)、近江牡蛎(Y=0.06)、粗糙滨螺(Y=0.09);滩涂的优势种为囊螺(Y=0.43)、光滑河蓝蛤(Y=0.36)、海瓜子(Y=0.14)、单齿围沙蚕(Y=0.03)。不同人工海岸生物量和密度也有差异,其中码头柱桩生物量为(1977.04士281.87)g/m^2,密度为(6333.3士1495.49)个/m^2;人工石岸生物量为(1556.03士752.99)g/m^2,密度为(2566.63士772.94)ind/m^2;滩涂潮间带生物量为(1129.16土219.86)g/m^2,密度为(2166.67士549.47)ind/m^2。人工石岸断面能维持更高的多样性,而码头柱桩的群落结构在3个断面之中最简单、最不稳定。

In the process of the construction of Yangshan Port, through reclamation the Xiao-Yangshan Island, Dazhitou Island, Shenjiawan Island and Zhongmentang Island and so on more than 10 islands made a new Yangshan Island, the artificial coast is the most important part of the coast. It is chosen the dock, artificial rock bank and tidal flats to explore the coast of artificial large benthic animal diversity characteristics of the Xiao-Yangshan Island. There are 24 species of macrobenthos, including 15 species of mollusk, 5 species of arthropod, 2 species of moss and 2 species of annelid. The widely distributed species were the common species, part of species were low salinity estuary species. There were differ- ences in species and dominant species of macrobenthos in three kinds of artificial coasts. 9 species at pier column pile, 13 species at artificial rocky intertidal zone, 7species at tideland intertidal zone were collected; The dominant species of pier column pile were Balanus reliculatus （Y=0.79）, Crassostrea ariakensis （Y=0.16）, Nerita yoldii （Y--0.05）. The dominant species of artificial rocky intertidal zone were N. yoldii （Y=0.43）, Ostrea cucullata Born （Y=0.11）, C. ariakensis （Y=0.06）, Littorina sca bra （Y=0.09）. The dominant species of tideland intertidal zone were Physa acuta （Y=0.43）, Aloidis laevis （Y=0.36）, Moerella iridescens （Y=0.14）, Perinereis cultrifera （Y=0.03）. There were differ ences in biomass and density of different artificial coast, biomass of pier column pile was （1977.04＋-- 281.87）g/m2 , density of it was （6333.3＋- 1495.49）ind/m2. Biomass of artificial rocky ntertidal zone was （1556.03_＋752.99）g/m2, density of it was （2566.63＋-772.94）ind/m2. Biomass of tideland inter- tidal zone was （1129.16＋-219.86）g/m2, density of it was （2166.67＋-549.47）ind/m2. Diversity was higher in artificial rocky intertidal sections and could persist for a longer time, compared with other sections. Community composition of pier column pile was the most simple and unstable among three sec