阻塞性泪道疾病的临床治疗进展

Management of lacrimal drainage system obstruction

泪道阻塞为眼科常见病，根据病因分为先天性泪道阻塞和后天性泪道阻塞两大类，按部位分为上泪道阻塞（泪小点、泪小管和泪总管）和下泪道阻塞（泪囊和鼻泪管）。近年来，随着激光、内窥镜、各种生物材料的不断发展和完善，泪道阻塞的治疗也趋于多样化。传统治疗多采用保守治疗、泪道探通、鼻腔泪囊吻合术等。近来新型泪道支架和泪道内窥镜得以越来越多地用于泪道阻塞疾病的治疗。总之，各种方法都有着各自的优缺点和适应范围，需要术者针对患者具体情况进行最佳的选择。

Lacrimal outflow obstruction is a common disease, which can be divided into congenital and acquired lacrimal obstruction according to the etiology. The site of obstruction can be divided into superior lacrimal passage obstruction （lacrimal punctum, canalicular and common canalicular） and lower lacrimal passage obstruction （lacrimal sac and nasal lacrimal duct）. In recent years, with the continuous development and improvement of the laser, endoscope, and a variety of biological materials, treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction tends to be diverse. The traditional methods are usually done by conservative treatments like probing and external dacryocystorhinostomy. Recently, new lacrimal stents and lacrimal endoscopes are used more and more in lacrimal duct obstruction. In summary, various methods have their advantages and disadvantages, which require surgeons to evaluate the condition and choose the best method.