金刚石压腔与地幔矿物物性研究

Diamond anvil cell and its application to studying physical properties of mantle minerals

高温高压实验是探索地球深部奥秘的重要手段,金刚石压腔(Diamonnd Anvil Cell,DAC)作为一种静态超高压实验装置,目前能够达到的温压条件可以涵盖整个地球范围.近年来,随着实验技术的发展和实验装备的不断改进,DAC可以与多种物性测量方法相结合,在模拟地球深部温度和压力的条件下,原位获得有关地幔矿物的物性数据.本文首先介绍了金刚石压腔装置及其特点,然后重点阐述了近五年来DAC在典型地慢矿物物性研究方面取得的进展:(1)水在橄榄石、辉石中的结合方式及其影响;(2)组成成分变化对橄榄石、石榴子石、斯石英、钙钛矿等矿物物性的影响.文章最后对金刚石压腔装置的改进,特别是压砧的发展进行了探讨.

High-temperature and high-pressure experiment plays an important role in discovering the compositional and physical properties of Earth＇s interiors. With diamond anvil cell （DAC）, one kind of static ultra-high-pressure experimental equipment, a variety of studies have been able to achieve an extended temperature and pressure range that covers the entire Earth. Combined with multiple methods for determining physical properties, DAC is utilized to simulate temperature and pressure environments of the deep Earth and measure the physical properties of typical mantle minerals under these conditions, and consequently enriches our knowledge of mantle minerals. In this paper, DAC equipment and its characteristics are briefly introduced. And then its application to studying physical behaviors of typical mantle minerals during the past five years is mainly specified.. （1） the incorporations of water into olivine and pyroxene and their influences, （2） the effects of variation in composition on physical properties of olivine, garnet, stishovite, perovskite, etc. Finally the improvement of DAC equipment, especially the development of diamond anvils is discussed.