无灌溉管件防护梭梭荒漠造林新技术及其示范推广

None-Watering and Tube-Protecting Planting Technique for Haloxylon ammodendron under Desert and Its Extension

梭梭是我国荒漠生态恢复和重建首选植物之一，但在无灌溉条件下人工直播苗和移栽苗存在生长缓慢、保存（成活）率很低（≤10％）的瓶颈问题．研究发现，除干旱、风沙和小动物啃食等危害外，苗期茎基部接触的地表层（0～2cm）高温（≥50℃）灼伤胁迫也是导致这一瓶颈问题的重要因素，但在荒漠造林实践过程中，这一胁迫因素往往被忽视．针对这一胁迫因素，本实验室发明了“无灌溉管件防护梭梭荒漠造林技术”，经几年、多个荒漠生境的检验，该项新技术适宜在地下水位相对较高、或湿沙层相对较丰富的荒漠半荒漠地区使用，适合流动半流动沙丘，更适合固定沙丘、戈壁、壤漠等．它具有可有效降低地表层高温、风沙以及小动物啃食等的胁迫伤害，操作简单，不需灌溉，适宜秋植和春植，既可直播也可移栽等优点，从而可有效提高梭梭直播苗和移栽苗的保存率（平均在70％以上）、提高年生长量（20％以上）．此外，该技术也可应用于其他荒漠药用、食用、生态植物种植或造林过程中．目前，该技术正在新疆、内蒙古和甘肃等省荒漠地区大面积示范推广应用中．

Haloxylon ammodendron has been one of the preferred plants that are used for the ecological recovery and restoration of the desert in China, but its seedlings have a very low percentage of seedling survival （~10%） and grow slowly under none-watering condition in the desert areas, which is a pivotal limiting factor for its utilization. Besides soil drought, sandwind, and small animal gnawing, our recent research results unveiled that the high desert surface layer （0-2 cm） temperature （~50~C） around the basal part of stem of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings also is one of the important limiting factors, but this limiting factor is often neglected in the process of practice. Based on this discovery, we invented a new none-watering and tube-protecting planting technique for Haloxylon ammodendron. After several years＇ proof-test in many desert environments, this new planting technique has been found to be suitable for utilization in the desert habitats with higher ground water level or abundant wet sand layer, including drifting or semi-drifting sand dunes, especially for fixed dune, gobi, and soil desertification. It has the following characteristics and advantages： protecting Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings from the damage of high desert surface layer temperature, sandwind, small animal gnawing, etc.; easy to operate; needing no watering; suitable for fall and spring planting, as well as direct seeding and transplantation. As a result, it can efficiently increase the percentage of seedling survival （averagely more than 70%） and annual growth （more than 20%） of Haloxylon ammodendron. Additionally, it is also found to be suitable for the planting or cultivation of other desert plants. Now the new planting technique is in widespread demonstration and extension in the desert areas of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Gansu.