基于化学成分及分子特征中药材肉苁蓉生态型研究

Ecotypes of Cistanche deserticola Based on Chemical Component and Molecular Traits

中药材生态型多样性是道地药材研究的重要组成部分.道地药材—"沙漠人参"肉苁蓉(Cistanche deserticola)是中国最具特色的干旱区濒危药用植物和关键物种,新疆和内蒙古是其重要主产区和传统道地产区.前期研究表明,内蒙古阿拉善高原和新疆北疆是肉苁蓉两大生态适宜生产集中区(两类生态型),本文进一步对两大产区肉苁蓉化学成分、分子地理标识及生态因子进行考察.应用UPLC-QTOF/MS技术对肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷及环烯醚萜苷类成分进行分析;基于psbA-trnH序列对不同产地肉苁蓉进行分子鉴别及分析;通过"中国气象科学数据共享服务网",获得两大产区包括温度、水分、光照等生态因子数据;运用生物统计、数量分类等分析方法,对肉苁蓉进行生态型划分.UPLC-QTOF/MS分析表明,内蒙古与新疆产肉苁蓉明显不同,鉴定出16种成分,其中2′-乙酰毛蕊花糖苷可作为区分两大产地肉苁蓉的指标成分;psbA-trnH序列比对分析发现,肉苁蓉不同产地间序列位点存在差异,新疆产肉苁蓉在191位点为G,内蒙古产则为A,NJ tree分析表明,肉苁蓉两个产地明显分为两支,差异显著;生态因子数据亦表明,肉苁蓉的两大气候地理分布格局.本文为研究不同生态区域中药生态型及品质变异的生物学本质提供了一种新思路,也为深化道地药材理论研究奠定重要基础.

Diversity of ecotypes in Chinese medicine materials is an important part of research on genuine medicinal materials. Cistanche deserticola named desert Panax is the most distinctive endangered medicinal plant and keystone species distributed in arid areas. Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia are the main producing areas and traditional authentic region of C. deserticola. Preliminary research shows that Alxa Plateau in Inner Mongolia and north of Xinjiang are the main ecological adaptable and concentrated productive regions （two ecotypes）, and we further investigated the chemical component, molecules of geographical indications and ecological factors of C. deserticola in this two main producing areas. Phenylethanoid glycosides and iridoids of C. deserticola were analysed using UPLC-QTOF/MS; C. deserticola from different areas were identified and analysed based on psbA-trnH sequences; the data of temperature, moisture, illumination and other ecological factors of the two main producing areas were obtained through ＂China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System＂; ecotypes of C. deserticola were divided using analytical methods of biostatistics and quantitative classification. The result of UPLC-QTOF/MS shows that C. deserticola of two main areas had striking differences： 16 components were identified, and 2＇-acetylacteosid was recommended to differentiate C. deserticola from two producing areas as index component; aligned analysis of psbA-trnH sequences revealed that C. deserticola had differences in locus and structure of sequence. C. deserticola originating from Xinjiang had G base in number 191 locus, while C. deserticola originated from Inner Mongolia had A base in number 191 locus. The analysis of NJ tree indicated that two areas of C. deserticola clustered into two branches obviously. The data of ecological factors also show that C. deserticola presented two geographical distribution patterns. This study provided a new idea to investigate ecotypes of Chinese medicine in different ecoregions and the biological nature of product variation, and laid an important foundation for further studies of the theory of genuine medicinal materials.