阿拉尔——和田沙漠公路风沙运动若干规律监测研究

Monitoring and research on several laws of wind-blown sand movement for Aral-Hotan Desert Road

以塔克拉玛干沙漠为研究区域，将覆盖塔克拉玛干沙漠的17个气象站近50a（1961—2010年）历史资料与沙漠公路沿线近3a（2007年4月～2010年4月）5层梯度风短期监测资料，以及沙漠公路7种防风阻沙体系下典型横断面5层梯度风监测资料进行信息化整编和规范化计算，对阿和沙漠公路风沙运动若干规律进行了系统研究。结果表明：（1）阿和沙漠公路沿线气象站10m高度最大瞬时风速与沿线梯度风监测站及短期监测站距路面4m高度最大瞬时风速具有空间相关性，平原路段空间代表性为20～40km；特殊路段空间代表性为5～10km；（2）沙漠公路沿线迎风侧最大瞬时风速比背风侧偏大1．15～1．30；（3）沙漠公路沿线2a-遇最大瞬时风速水平分布规律是以沙漠公路中部向南北递减，最大值出现在k66．7～k326区间；（4）沙漠公路北部强风主风向WNW和N风，次强风主风向ENE和NE风；沙漠公路中部全年强风主风向ENE和NE风，次强风主风向为NNW风；沙漠公路南部全年强风主风向W风，次强风主风向为WNW风；（5）沙漠公路沿线起沙风是随7种防风阻沙体系的作用存在明显差异，以芦苇、草帘子方格防风阻沙体系下2m高度的起沙风速和沙粒过路临界风速为最大，分别为8．0～9．0m／s和10．0～11．0m／s，对输沙贡献最大的有效瞬间风速在8．0～15．0m／s之间；黑土工袋方格防风阻沙体系下起沙风速为4．0～5．0m／s，沙粒过路临界风速为5．0～6．0m／s，防风阻沙效应最差，建议更换。

This paper takes Taklimakan Desert as the research area, carries out informationization formation and normalization calculation for more than 50 years＇ historical data （from 1961 to 2010） of 17 weather stations in Tak- limakan Desert, transient monitoring data for 5-layer gradient wind along the desert road in recent five years （from April 2007 to April 2010）, and monitoring data for 3-layer gradient wind of typical cross-section under seven kinds of wind-preventing and sand-resistance systems of desert road, and do some systematic research for several laws of wind-blown sand movement in Aral-Hotan desert road. The results are as follows： （1） there are spatial correlation between maximum instantaneous wind speed for 10 m height of weather station along the Aral-Hotan desert road and maximum instantaneous wind speed with 4 m height away from road surface for along gradient wind monitoring sta-tion and short-term monitoring station, spatial representativeness for plain section is 20-40 km, and spatial repre- sentativeness for special sections is 5-10 km; （2） The maximum instantaneous wind speed for windward side along desert road is 1.15 - 1.30 bigger than leeward side; （3） The law of horizontal distribution for maximum instanta- neous wind speed once-in-two-year along desert road is that it gradually decreases from the middle of desert road to north and south, and the maximum value appears between k66.7 and k326; （4） The prevailing wind direction for northern strong wind of desert road is WNW and N, and for secondary strong wind is ENE and NE. The prevailing wind direction of yearly strong wind in the middle of desert road is ENE and NE, and for secondary strong wind is NNW. The prevailing wind direction of yearly strong wind for the south of desert road is W, and for secondary strong wind is WNW; （5）There are a significant difference for the action of seven wind-preventing and sand-controlling systems to sand-blown along desert road, under wind-preventing and sand-controlling system of reed and straw cur- tain grid, sand-blown wind speed and sand passing critical wind speed for 2 m height are maximum,with 8.0 - 9.0 m/s and 10.0 - 11.0 m/s respectively, and effective instantaneous wind speed, which is the biggest contributor to transport sand is between 8m/s and 15.0 m/s; under wind-preventing and sand-controlling system of black soil engineering bag grid, sand-blown wind speed is 4.0 - 5.0 m/s, and critical wind speed for sand passing is 5.0 - 6.0 m/s.