秦始皇兵马俑博物馆陶器库室内空气质量评价与影响分析

Evaluation and analysis of air quality impact in the pottery storage-room of the Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum

文物存放环境空气质量的好坏对文物的保存至关重要,由于缺乏应有的保护,部分长期存放的文物局部表面出现物理污损、颜色变化或漆皮及彩绘起翘。因此,为了尽可能避免不良环境因素对文物的影响,需对其环境状况进行研究分析,以便制定科学的环境控制措施。为此,通过冬(2008年1月30日至3月3日)夏(2008年7月28日至8月22日)两季在秦俑博物馆陶器库开展室内空气质量调查研究工作,获得了大气气溶胶中水溶性离子、碳组分、SO2和NH3的质量浓度特征,同步进行了室内微气候的测定。结果显示,冬季PM2.5的平均质量浓度及所含主要水溶性离子浓度均高于夏季,并且同一时期室外均高于室内,但其中个别成分如Cl-及碳组分OC有机碳在夏季的库内浓度明显高于室外。此外有害气体NH3受高温及排放源影响其浓度表现出夏季库内高于库外,夏季高于冬季的现象。研究表明,库内微气候和污染物存在明显的季节差异。不同季节污染物的浓度及来源略有差异。部分污染物浓度偏高,可能会对库内存放的脆弱文物产生一定影响,需要采取一些防控措施。

Air quality in the storage environment is critical to protection of cultural relics. Because of inadequate protection, some of cultural relics that have been stored for a long time are partly stained, some have color changes and some have warped lacquer and polychrome layers. In order to avoid this damage to the relics, it is necessary to study the storage environment, so as to develop a scientifically based way to control it. From Jan 30th to Mar 3nd （winter） ,Jul 28th to Aug 22nd（summer）, 2008, a series of indoor air sample were collected. The microclimate monitoring was conducted in pottery storage room of the Emperor Qinshihuang＇ s Mausoleum Site Museum to deter- mine the concentrations of airborne water - soluble ions particulate matter （ PM2.5 ） and SO2 and NH3 gases in the air. The results show that the average PM2.5 mass and water soluble ion concentration are higher in winter than in summer, whereas these values are higher outdoors than indoors. However, there are some exceptions： the indoor concentrations of CI - and CO are higher than outdoor concentrations in summer. Also, due to the temperature, the concentration of NH3 is higher in summer than in winter; and in summer, the indoor NH3 concentration is higher than it is outdoors. Thus the air pollution and microclimate show obvious seasonal variations. The concentrations of some pollutants are higher than normal and may have some impact on the cultural relics in the storage room that needs to be addressed.