双孢蘑菇堆肥中真菌群落多样性分析

Fungal community analysis of different composts prepared for production of Agaricus bisporus

以农作物玉米秸和稻草、牛粪为原料,分别设计双孢蘑菇Agaricus bisporus堆肥配方并进行堆肥发酵,研究二者堆肥过程中真菌多样性。在建堆、一次发酵结束和二次发酵结束3个时期分别采集堆肥样品,提取总DNA,以真菌18S rDNA基因通用引物,进行PCR‐DGGE扩增和序列分析。累计获得39条特异条带18S rDNA基因信息,分属于真菌14个属、藻类7个属和原生动物3个属。子囊菌是两种配方堆肥过程中的优势菌群,建堆时期的优势类群为Pichia和Wickerhamomyces,一次和二次发酵时期的优势类群为Chaetomium和Lecythophora。多样性指数分析显示,稻草配方微生物多样性大于玉米秸配方;主成分分析(PCA)显示,玉米秸配方一次发酵结束时期与稻草和玉米二次发酵结束时期聚为一类,说明玉米秸配方堆肥提前腐熟。

In order to evaluate the fungal communities within the composts prepared for Agaricus bisporus production, straw and corn stalks, which are two of major crops in Beijing suburbs, were used as the main raw materials. Fungal communities of samples at the beginning of composting, at the end of fermentation phase I and II were collected and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） method based on 18S rDNA sequences. A total of 39 different clone sequences were obtained. They were classified into 14 genera of fungi, 7 genera of Alga, and 3 genera of Protozoa. Fungi of Ascomycotina were dominant in microflora of both composting treatments. The dominant genera in microflora at the beginning of composting were Pichia and Wickerhamomyces, while Chaetomium and Lecythophora were dominant at fermentation phase I and II. Fungal diversity in straw compost was better than that in corn stalk compost. Principal component analysis showed that corn stalk compost at the end of fermentation phase I and phase II, and straw compost at the end of fermentation phase II were clustered into one group, suggesting that corn stalk was composted faster than straw.