综合重症监护病房医院感染目标性监测分析

Targeted Surveillance of Nosocomial Infection in Intensive Care Unit

目的了解综合重症监护病房(ICU)住院患者医院感染发病率、器械相关感染发病率,分析相关危险因素,寻找有效预防与控制医院感染的关键环节及防控措施。方法采取前瞻性目标性监测方法,对2012年1月-12月入住ICU 48 h以上的294例患者进行调查,主管医生填写ICU患者相关信息调查表,医院感染管理专职人员进行追踪、感染判断及结果统计分析。结果 294例患者中,发生医院感染61例,78例次,医院感染发病率为20.75%,医院感染例次发病率为26.53%。患者日医院感染发病率为16.01‰,患者日医院感染例次发病率为20.47‰,经患者平均病情严重程度调整后的患者医院感染例次发病率为7.48%。呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发病率为27.27‰,中心静脉相关血流感染发病率为6.58‰,导尿管相关泌尿道感染发病率为3.15‰。结论 ICU属于医院感染高危科室,在器械相关感染中,VAP感染发病率最高。需要通过监测不断发现问题,不断改进,加强对医务人员的医院感染防控知识培训、医务人员与医院感染专职人员密切沟通、医院感染控制措施的落实等降低ICU医院感染发病率及器械相关感染发病率。

Objective To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection and device-related infection in the Intensive Care Unit （ICU）, analyze its related risk factors, and search for effective measures to prevent and control nosocomial infection. Methods By prospective objective monitoring method, we surveyed 294 patients hospitalized in the ICU for at least 48 hours between January and December 2012. The doctor in charge filled in relevant information of the patients to complete the questionnaires, and hospital infection management staff was responsible for tracking, judging, and statistical analysis. Results In the 294 patients, 61 had hospital infections, and there were 78 cases. The hospital infection rate was 20.75%, and the case infection rate was 26.53%. The day incidence of patient infection was 16.01%0, and day infection rate was 20.47 ‰ for infection cases. After average severity of illness score adjustment, the day ease infection rate was 7.48%, ventilator associated pneumonia （VAP） infection rate was 27.27‰, central venous catheter associated bloodstream infection rate was 6.58‰, and catheter associated urinary tract infection rate was 3.15 %0. Conclusions ICU has a high risk of hospital infection. In the device related infections, VAP infection rate is the highest. Continuous improvement can be achieved through monitoring and discovering problems, strengthening hospital infection management training for the medical personnel of the hospital, close communication between doctors and hospital infection management staff, and strict implementation of hospital infection management measures.