中国运动员正念训练方案的思想来源及内容设计

Theory Origin and Content Design of Mindfulness Training Program for Chinese Athletes

正念训练是一种以接受为基础的心理行为训练方法,认为在伴随着消极心理状态时依然可以做到卓越行为表现,主张不加判断地觉察和接受内部心理事件,同时将自我内部心理事件去中心化,把注意焦点从自我关注转向任务关注,全身心地投入当下行为过程;另外,通过澄清个人的价值观来提供当下行为的方向和动力,并坚持对价值观有效的行为投入,从而提高行为有效性,提高行为表现水平。

Mindfulness training is an acceptance-based psychological training program. Mindfulness training affirms that athletes could still reach excellent performance even when they are confronted with negative mental status. It advocates perceiving and accepting internal experiences with non-judgment, meanwhile converting self-focused attention into task-focused attention by decentering,then committing him/herself to the present action. Furthermore, mindfulness training helps athletes find out their motives and orientations for their present actions by clarifying their individual values, and activates athletes into ongoing commitment to effective behaviors for these values, and finally enhances the efficacy of athletes＇ behaviors and the level of athletes＇ performances.