组织工程关节软骨：新生软骨与移植物周围正常软骨的整合及重塑

Tissue engineering of articular cartilage:integration and remodeling of normal cartilages surrounding grafts and new cartilages

背景:由于关节软骨的组织再生能力非常低,因此创伤或退变疾病导致软骨缺损很难实现自身修复。目的:通过资料分析了解关节软骨组织工程学的研究现状。方法:以"Articular cartilage,Tissue engineering,Signaling molecules,Scaffolds"为英文检索词,"关节软骨,组织工程学,细胞来源,信号分子,支架"为中文检索词,检索Pubmed数据库、CNKI数据库2000至2013年发表的相关文献。共检索到202篇文献,排除无关重复的文献,保留70篇进行综述。结果与结论:软骨细胞和干细胞是当前软骨组织工程研究的主要细胞来源。多种细胞因子、激素类物质及生长因子会影响软骨细胞的合成及分解代谢过程。新型生物材料支架可为细胞提供一个适宜的环境,刺激细胞软骨基质合成,临时替代天然软骨基质的功能,直至新生软骨形成。而随着研究的不断深入,组织工程学关节软骨必将表现出良好的应用前景。

BACKGROUND：Because the tissue regeneration capacity of articular cartilage is very low, the cartilage defects induced by joint injuries or degenerative diseases are hard to do their own repair. OBJECTIVE：To comprehend the current status of tissue engineering of articular cartilage by analyzing data. METHODS：The PubMed database and CNKI database from 2000 to 2013 were retrieved using computer with the key words of“articular cartilage, tissue engineering, signaling molecules, scaffolds”in English and“articular cartilage, tissue engineering, cellsource, signaling molecules, scaffolds”in Chinese. A total of 202 literatures were screened out, and the repetitive and irrelevant researches were eliminated. Final y, 70 literatures were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：The most investigated cellsources for their potential in cartilage tissue engineering are chondrocytes and stem cells. Several cytokines, hormones and growth factors are known to influence the synthesis, anabolic and catabolic processes by chondrocytes. New biomaterial scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering provide a comfortable niche for cells, where cells were stimulated to synthesize cartilage matrix, and to temporarily replace the function of the native matrix until new cartilage had formed. With the＆nbsp;deepening of the researches, tissue engineering articular cartilage wil exhibit good prospects.