江苏省3市520名高龄老人体质现状调查

Physique properties of 520 aged people in Jiangsu Province of China

背景:对于老年人来说,如何提高自身活动能力,使生活质量维持在较高的水平,并尽可能地延缓丧失生活自理能力的年龄显得尤为重要。目的:分析现阶段江苏省部分地区老年人的体质特征及其影响因素、体质变化趋势,以及生理衰老过程中的规律。方法:在江苏省南京市、盐城市、常州市3个地区共设9个调查测试点,有效样本为520人,其中男性占总体的42.9%,女性占57.1%。采用已经过信效度检验的《老年人体质及运动休闲调查问卷》了解老年人性别、年龄、文化程度、曾经职业、收入情况、体育锻炼情况等一般人口统计学资料,同时进行现场体质测试(包括身体形态、身体机能、身体素质等9个项目)。结果与结论:①受调查人群体质量指数达到超重以上水平的超过半数,也有少部分老年人体质量指数为较轻体质量水平,尤其是女性老年人体质量指数正常水平的较少。②受调查的人群中,大多数老年人群血压不处于正常范围,且有相当数量的人群血压值属于重度高血压范围。③反映老年人上下肢肌力、平衡能力、行走能力的几项指标随年龄的增长逐渐下降,尤其在75岁以后开始出现大幅度下降。除最大握力外,其他几项身体素质指标总体上看男女差异不明显。④体育锻炼能延缓老年人肌肉力量、平衡能力随年龄增长出现退行性改变;文化程度高对体质各指标均有不同程度的积极影响;曾经职业为农民的组别血压明显优于非农民组,而各身体素质指标则明显差于非农民组。有退休工资对身体素质各指标有积极的影响,对血压也有一定程度的积极影响,对身体形态影响不明显。

BACKGROUND：It is important for the aged population to improve the locomotor activity, maintain a high-level quality of life, and delay the loss of self-care ability. OBJECTIVE：To analyze the physique properties and influencing factors of the aged population in some areas of Jiangsu province, and to investigate the rule of physiological aging process. METHODS：In nine test sites of three cities （Nanjing, Yanhceng and Changzhou） of Jiangsu Province, 520 effective samples were col ected and composed of 42.9%males and 57.1%females. We tested the reliability and validity of inspected questionnaire on the aged physique and sports, and then adopted the questionnaire to get general demographic information about their gender, age, education, used occupation, income and physical exercise. At the same time, physical tests were performed （including nine projects such as body shape, physical function, body quality）. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： ① More than half of the surveyed aged have reached overweight level＆nbsp;according to their body mass index, while only a few have normal body mass index, especial y the females. ② Most of the surveyed aged have abnormal blood pressure, and a large number of the aged are in moderate to severe hypertension. ③ There is a gradual y reduction in upper and lower limbs muscle strength, balance ability and walking ability along the aging, a substantial drop is found after 75 years old. There is no obvious difference between male group and female group expect grip strength. ④ Physical exercise can delay the degenerative change in muscle strength and balance ability of the aged. Education has great influence on the physical quality and used occupation influences blood pressure. Having a retired wage also has significant effects on physical quality index and blood pressure, but no influence is found in body shape.