内外侧切口入路植入物内固定治疗肱骨中下段骨折

Internal fixation via medial and lateral approaches for the middle and inferior humeral fracture

背景:肱骨中下段骨折切开复位内固定多以前外侧入路为主,近年来随着显微外科技术的快速发展,国内一些具有显微外科技术的医院开始尝试内侧切口入路,但对其安全性及疗效报道少见。目的:评价肱骨中下段骨折内外侧入路内固定物置入的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年1月新疆医科大学骨科中心收治的68例肱骨中下段骨折患者,根据切口入路分为前外侧入路组33例和内侧入路组35例。通过Gross方程比较2组失血量,并对2组治疗后并发症及肩肘功能恢复状况进行比较分析。结果与结论:随访12-18个月,X射线示骨折均达到骨性愈合,前外侧入路组骨折愈合时间为(16.9±3.9)周,内侧入路组为(15.5±2.2)周;肩关节Neer系统评分前外侧入路组(86±5)分,内侧入路组(84±4)分;肘关节Mayo系统评分前外侧入路组(78±7)分,内侧入路组(81±8)分。内固定后前外侧入路组有3例、内侧入路组有1例出现桡神经支配麻木,腕背伸乏力,3个月后自行恢复,无骨不连及慢性骨髓炎等并发症的发生。2组骨折愈合时间、并发症发生率及功能恢复情况差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。提示选择内侧入路治疗肱骨中下段骨折是安全可行的。

BACKGROUND： The open reduction and internal fixation in treatment of middle and inferior humeral fractures often choose anterolateral approach. As the rapid development of microsurgical technique in recent years, some domestic hospitals try to adopt the medial approach, but the operation safety and efficacy are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the clinical efficacy of two different approaches of open reduction and internal fixation for treating the middle and inferior humeral fractures. METHODS： A total of 68 patients with the middle and inferior humeral fractures were selected from Orthopedic Center of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2010 to January 2012, and were retrospectively analyzed. According to the approach of incision, the involved patients were divided into anterolateral approach group （n=33） and medial approach group （n=35）. The blood loss in two groups was analyzed using Gross equation. The postoperative complications and functional recovery were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： During the follow-up at 12-18 months, X-ray results showed that the fracturesachieved bone healing, fracture healing time was 16.9＋3.9 weeks in anterolateral approach group and 15.5：1：2.2 weeks in the medial approach group. Shoulder Neer system score was 86＋5 points in anterolateral approach group and 84＋4 points in the medial approach group; elbow Mayo system score was 78＋7 points in anterolateral approach group and 81＋8 points in the medial approach group. Three cases in anterolateral approach group and one case in medial approach group presented postoperative radial nerve numbness and wrist dorsiflexion weakness, which were self-healed after 3 months. There was no nonunion, chronic osteomyelitis for other complications. The fracture healing time, the incidence of complications and the functional recovery between the two groups showed no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The medial approach is a feasible and safe surgical approach of internal fixation for treating the middle and inferior humeral fractures.