由考古遗存管窥峡江地区夏商周时期的铸铜业

Archaeological Remains and Bronze Casting during Xia to Zhou Period in Xiajiang Region

本文通过对峡江地区夏商周时期青铜器遗存和相关冶铸遗迹的搜集、整理、分析,探讨了峡江地区夏商周时期铸铜业的发展阶段、规模和特点。研究发现,峡江地区的青铜器遗存可分为前后两个发展阶段,即夏商西周时期和东周时期,前一阶段遗址数量和出土青铜器数量都较少,后一阶段则明显增加。与青铜器伴出的还有为数不少的石范、陶范、铜矿石、铜渣、烧土面等冶铸遗迹,说明该地区存在早期的青铜冶铸业。若将该地区以巫山为界划分为东、西两区,东区出土的青铜器年代上限普遍早于西区,遗址和青铜器数量,也都远多于西区,这说明东、西两区铸铜业的发展是不平衡的,其原因,大概与两区铜矿资源的分布和储量差异有关。

Based on bronze remains and related smelting and casting sites discovered in the Xiajiang region, the author probes into the development, scale and characteristics of bronze casting in this region during the Xia to Zhou period. The study shows that these bronze remains can be divided into two periods： Xia, Shang and Western Zhou period and Eastern Zhou period. The second period considerably exceeds the other in the number of sites and excavated bronze vessels. A large number of metallurgical remains such as stone and pottery moulds, copper ores, slag and burned soil surface have been excavated along with bronzes, indicating the existence of an early bronze metallurgical industry in this region. If we divide the Xiajiang region into two parts, the number of sites and excavated bronzes east of the Wu Mountains exceeds the west part and many of the bronzes from the east part date to an earlier period. This indicates an unbalanced development of bronze casting, which was probably associated with the natural distribution of copper.