论长子沫臣簠的国别

Reinterpreting the “Zhang Zi Mo Chen” Bronze Fu as a Chu State Vessel

上海博物馆在上世纪60年代曾收集到一件!,马承源先生著文指出!当为晋器。此观点得到了学术界的一致同意,如吴镇烽《金文人名汇编》等均认为器主"长子沫臣"为晋人,而搜集楚器较为著名的如刘彬徽《楚系金文汇编》等亦未收此器。本文对长子沫臣!进行综合研究,通过此!中出现的"芈"姓,初步认定其当为楚国器;再考订铭文字体的特点与南方楚系文字接近,而与中原同期文字字形较远;由铭文右行以及"!"类器在中原及楚系中出现的频率及制作的精粗等,论定此长子沫臣!实为楚器。最后,联系鹿邑太清宫长子口墓及湖北黄陂发现的长子狗鼎等,认为此!铭中之"长"与长子口、长子狗之长实有相承关系,由此初步推测了西周时期长国、厉国的迁徙方向。

The bronze fu that Shanghai Museum acquired in the 1960s is believed by Ma Chengyuan to be a Jin state vessel. The same opinion has been held by other scholars. For example, in his book A Collection of Personal Names in Bronze Inscriptions [ 金文人名汇编], Wu Zhenfeng contends that the owner ＂Zhang Zi Mo Chen＂ [长子沫臣] was from Jin. In addition, thisfu is not found in A Collection of Inscriptions on Chu Bronzes [楚系金文汇编] written by Liu Binhui, a senior scholar on Chu bronze vessels. In a comprehensive study of the inscription on the ＂Zhang Zi Mo Chen＂ fu, the current author argues that it may come from the Chu state because the surname ＂Mi＂ [辈] is found in its inscription. Further evidence that the script shows closer affinity with the Chu script than with the contemporaneous Central Plains scripts, that the inscription is read from left to right and that bronzefu made in the Chu state were more common and exquisite than those from the Central Plains indicate that thisfu must be a Chu vessel. In the end, connections are found between thisfu and the tomb of Zhang Zi Kou excavated at Luyi, Henan province and the ＂Zhang Zi Gou＂ bronze ding [长子狗鼎] discovered at Huangpi, Hubei province, providing clues as to the locations of the Zhang and Li states during the Western Zhou dynasty.